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Li_Karen_Block 2_MM12 (Gene Regulation (Levels of Gene Regulation (mRNA…
Li_Karen_Block 2_MM12
Gene Regulation
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It influences phenotype and is responsible for:
-phenotypic variation between identical twins
-Interspecies variation in phenotypes for identical or similar genes
It allows the organisms to increase energy efficiency by only turning on genes when their gene products (proteins) are needed - and turning off genes when not needed
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In multicellular organisms, differential cell expression is needed for cell specialization
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Homeotic genes
The homeodomain region binds to DNA, allowing the hox protein to act as a transcriptional regulator for developmental genes
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Hox genes are arranged on the chromosome in clusters; their order in the cluster determines where along the body they act
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Genes
Structural Genes
encode proteins involved in metabolic and biosynthesis pathways that support the organization of the organisms
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Regulatory Genes
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Activator - proteins that bind enhancer to stimulate transcription; or regulatory interfering RNA that does not code for a regulatory protein, but acts to block transcription or translation
ave promoters, but lack operators