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Latin
Instruments (Samba
Instruments (Surdo
Bug bass drum; large soft…
Latin
Instruments
Samba
Instruments
Surdo
Bug bass drum; large soft mallet
Open - mallet; Hand - fingers & palm
Closed - mallet & (L)hand
May need shoulder strap, waist belt
Metal 'taps' tighten skin
Tamborim
Small BZ drum; hand or stick
Stretched skin - hi pitch sound
LH can play extra rhythm inside drum
Special splayed stick: 3+ rods
Caixa
BZ vers. snare drum - deeper, narrower
2/3 steel wires or guitar strings across head
Snare have coiled wires
Repinique
BZ drum; like tom-tom
Metallic, no snare, narrower & longer than caixa
Head - very tight nylon (hi pitch); use shoulder straps
Palm - open & slap strokes
Stick - on skin & on rim strokes (can use 2 sticks)
Agogo
Smell metal bell pair; 2 diff. hi pitch sounds
Use stick; common in L.America, Samba
Cuica
Friction BZ drum, brought by AF slaves
Wooden stick attached inside to centre
Rubbed w/ damp cloth, other hand presses centre
Changes pitch to hi & lo sounds of notes
Cavaquinho
Small Portuguese guitar - 4 strings
Often to strum chords, use plectrum
BZ vers. - bigger, raised fingerboard
bigger round sound hole
Salsa
Instruments
Maracas
Were made of dried fruit shell like coconut
Now - leather, wood, plastic; often bright coloured
Inside - seeds, dried beans; in pairs
Timbales
M-sized drums, single drum-head on top
Use wooden stick; possible kettle drum origin
Cuba importance & origin; became smaller portable
Often use drum side (cascara rhythm)
Bongo
Small drum pairs, joined w/ wood
Came from AF, common in S.America & Caribb.
Usually between knees, can use stand; Use hands
Larger - 'hembra' (female); Smaller - 'macho' (male)
Conga
Long, narrow drum from Cuba
Used to be old barrels; lo pitch, Use hand
Apito
Whistles for samba, often for leader/conductor
Starts/ends music, same as referee whistle
Trad. usually wooden; tough modern usually metal
More
Instruments
Guiro
Small hand-held perc; grooves scraped w/ a stick
Open at one end, used to be made of gourd
Can be metal; open-end produces additional affects
(aka reco-reco)
Claves
Simplest instruments, 2 rounded wood pieces
Just knock 'em together; fine wood = good quality
Large stick in LH, Small stick in RH hits large stick
Cabasa
String metal balls round circ. wood, normally player
twists handle while holding beads against wood
Used in Cuba not in trad. BZ music
Caixixi
AF Origin, became BZ-associated, paor of small
handheld flat seed baskets; quieter vers. of maracas
Shekere
W.AF origin; in BZ, CUB - large gourd in a bead net
Net rolled around the gourd for sound
Also could hold the net at the top and shake vertically
Even More
Instruments
Sleigh bells
Most perc. vary in shape and size
Origin. attached to horse-drawn sledge
Used for Christmas music and L.American music
Can be held & shaken vertically or hit against other hand
Pandeiro
L.american tambourine, single jingle set
(Tamb. normally have two) for shorter sound
More rapid, clear rhythms (common in samba)
Shake or hit; skin tightened for diff. pitch effects
Steel Drums
Needed in W.Indies, especially Caribbean Trinidad, Tobago
Were from oil barrel (not common today); varied sizes
'Large' pans for lo-er notes; Some can have 30 notes
Larger bass can have only 3; Sound areas for diff. notes
Lower notes have larger sound areas on playing surface
Marimba
Wooden keys, metal tubes dev. sound; size varies
Much bigger than xylo, much mellower; rised wooden bars
for accidentals; soft mallets, rubber covered, varying fabrics
Modern classic, L.jazz often need 4 mallets (chordal sound)
Bandoneón
Design
Concertina type in tango music (Argentina, Uruguay)
Buttons on both sides; no keyboard (accordions do)
Sound - pull, push bellows; one note per button
(Accord have one chord per button) chords w/ >1 finger
Pitch also depends on push or pull; short chords are typical
In tango music
Fingers
4 note chords = 4 buttons; lowest note w/ 142-button is C2
Accord only need one finger for chord, one for bass note
Invented in DE, yet assoc. w/ S.American tango; origin. to
accomp. hymns w/o an available organs (C4 is middle C)