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Martin-Chang (Discussion (“Our results suggest that structured…

- - - - “Mothers participating in the study were asked to fill out a demographic questionnaire pertaining to family structure (marital status, number of children in the family, etc.), parental education, parental employment, and household income.” (Martin-Chang, 2011, p. 198)
    - - “As in previous studies (e.g., Ray, 2002; Rudner, 1999), “academic achievement is considered to be the formal demonstration of learning (including knowledge, understanding, and thinking skills) attained by a student as measured by standardized academic achievement test” (Ray, 2010, p.5).” (Martin-Chang, 2011, p. 198)
    - - “The majority of testing took place in the children’s homes (n = 71), although in three cases, an alternative location was requested by the participants (home of a friend n = 2; mother’s private office n = 1).” (Martin-Chang, 2011, p. 198)
  - - - "The difference in income may have reflected the fact that 62.2% of the homeschooled children had mothers who reported leaving the paid workforce after the birth of their child, compared with only 16.2% of the children in the public school group." (Martin-Change, p. 197)