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Urban workbook 2 (Housing locations (university student:
flat/terraced…
Urban workbook 2
Housing locations
university student:
- flat/terraced housing
- inner city
- private rented
migrant from India
- flat/terraced housing
- inner city
- private rented
high income family
- detatched
- outer suburbs
- owner occupied
low income family
- terraced housing
- inner city
inner suburbs
- council/ private rented
retired pensioner (low income)
- flat
- inner city
- council/ private rented
single professional (high income)
- flat/ apartment
- inner city
- private rented
young married couple (medium income)
- semi-detatched
- inner suburbs
- private rented/ owner occupied
single parent (low income)
- flat / terraced
- council
- private rented
pensioner couple (good pension)
- semi detached
- suburbs
- owner occupied
Problems in Urban areas
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UNEMPLOYMENT- no education, no skills, no housing, homelessness, no income
UNEDUCATED YOUTHS- vandalism, high crime, discontent
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Development Schemes
URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS 1979- 1990
- UK city centres in catastrophic decline, created to restore derelict areas
- London Docklands and Liverpool, attract new businesses, create jobs and housing
- 1981-1998, 24,000 new houses created
- criticised for ignoring needs of local residents
- Teesside Urban Development Corporation-
TEESDALE= Durham Uni (stockton campus), Stockton Riverside college, dementia home (mixed-use development)
RIVERSIDE STADIUM- office blocks, tenamos, the cube, Middlesborough college
ENTERPRISE ZONES 1981- present
- in areas of high unemployment, start up companies and attract jobs
- by 1999, 5000 companies set up which attracted 125,000 people
- tax reductions limited job and forced existing companies to move
CITY CHALLENGE- 1991- 1997
- local authorities competed for Government funding
- improve physical, economic and social environment
- 1997, 50,000 jobs and 40,000 homes improved
- many deprived areas didn't receive any funding
PARTNERSHIP SCHEMES 2010- present
- financial support and expertise
- new homes, parks, sports centers
- E.g Liverpool City Region Local Enterprise (2012) which aims to increase business activity and create jobs
Wards
Zone A
AYRESOME, GRESHAM AND UNIVERSITY WARD- inner city
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60% white british, 40% non white (migrants from Pakistan due to cheap housing and jobs e.g takeaways and taxis)
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Zone B
ACKLAM, KADER- inner suburbs
private, owner occupied (90% of households)
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not deprived, high-medium professional workers
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Zone C
NUNTHORPE, MARTON, INGLEBY BARWICK- outer suburbs
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middle class, detached housing
more affluent, high levels of employment and car ownership
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Young age structure (Ingleby Barwick in particular), high 0-15, low retirement, accomodates to families, newly built houses in 1990s-2000s
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Issues in an Urban Area
ECONOMIC INEQUALITY- difference between living standards, incomes ect. across the whole economic distribution
SOCIAL SEGREGATION- groups of people live apart from large populations due to factors such as wealth, ethnicity, religion or age
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Causes of inequality
Sao Paulo
Strategies used
- raise minimum wage by 12%
- 2001- legislation allows favellas to be identified as a legitimate residential area- allows for sanitation, roads houses
- 10,000 new homes are currently being built
overcrowded shanty town next to a luxury resort
- 10% richest earn 40% more than 10% poorest
- largest favella Paraisopolis- has high crime, lack of sanitation and cholera
- SW- Vila Nova Conciecao- wealthiest
- Government unfairly distributing money
- Immigrants move to the area but there isn't enough housing (rural to urban migration)
- Informal Jobs
- Squatting/ spontaneous settlements
- No plan/ structure- lack of basics e.g sanitation
Impacts of inequality
- tension between groups
- increased pressure on services e.g schools
- minority feel isolated
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