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Urban workbook 1 (Urban areas Terms (Fortress developments (pros:
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Urban workbook 1
Urban areas Terms
PLVI (peak land value intersection)- the point in the city where land is at it's most valuable which is usually occupied by rich functions e.g banks or high street functions
TRANSITION/TWILIGHT ZONE- area between the CBD and the residential zones which is usually occupied by old industry, specialised functions, dereliction or regeneration
CBD- location (usually in the center) where most commercial functions are located and where non-manufacturing jobs are located
FORTRESS DEVELOPMENTS- developers of urban space restrict access to that area to the general public e.g the development of gated communities or in commercial developments where access is controlled by private security organisations e.g Bow Quarter, East London
RURAL-URBAN FRINGE- edge of a built up area where the town meets the countryside. Usually occupied by high class/ commuters
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CULTURAL/HERITAGE QUARTERS- re-branding of towns largely as a spur to tourist development e.g Titanic Quarter, Cathedral Quarter, Queen's Quarter and Gaeltacht Quarter in Belfast
GHETTO- residential area occupied almost exclusively by immigrant or minority groups, usually the poor areas
BROWNFIELD SITES- formerly occupied by industry which have now become derelict and demolished. They need to be decontaminated before redevelopment
GREENFIELD SITES- never been built on, easy to install infrastructure e.g roads and electricity
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FAVELLAS- small illegal housing, not permanent, overcrowded, form as CBDs are more wealthy
Fortress developments
pros:
- peaceful
- quiet
- litter free
- safe
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Urban processes terms
URBANISATION- increasing proportion of the population living in urban areas. Physical outward expansion
RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION- movement of people from countryside to cities. Associated with shift in employment from agriculture to manufacturing or services
LIFE CYCLE MIGRATION- outward movement of people as they develop different needs e.g uni students in inner city and newly married couples in the suburbs
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DE-INDUSTRIALISATION- closure or reduction of jobs in the manufacturing industry. May be as a result of jobs moving abroad to cheaper LEDCs
SUBURBANISATION- growth of residential areas in cities away from the main center which causes expansion
URBAN REGENERATION- the re-use of derelict land which are often developed into new service industries, recreational facilities, retail or housing schemes
GENTRIFICATION- old working class housing is taken over by richer residents who improve properties and raise the value. The area becomes Trendy
DECENTRALISATION- movement of people and industry back into old run down inner-city areas and breathe new life into formerly derelict areas
RE-URBANISATION- industrial relocation, movement of manufacturing and retail away from inner city to edge of urban area for better transport
Cities
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proportional circles
pros
- easy to determine sizes
- easy to differentiate populations
- better for a large range of data
- effective use of colour
cons
- hard to distinguish in they overlap
- no exact numbers
reasons for growth of a megacity:
- high natural increase
- brught lights syndrome
- push and pull factors e.g jobs, money and healthcare
- rural to urban migration
- immigration and inmigration
- declining mortality rates
LONDON as an influential city- easily accessible due to frequent flights, historical capital, technology hub
NEW YORK as an influential city- top banks for investment and funds, tourism
In 1950, 30% of people lived in urban areas, In 2014, it was 50%
In 1950, there were 2 megacities
In 2014 there were 28
In 2030 there will be 41
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WORLD CITY- dominate international trade and regional economies. They are centers for culture, media and communications
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Buildings
MODERNISM- concrete, straight lines, efficient
POST MODERISM- free, new technology, variety
Modern Art Museum, Gateshead
7* Hotel in Dubai, Burj Al Arab
- post modernism
- stylish
- modern
Gherkin, London
- post modernism
- stylish
- symmetrical
- iconic
Counter-Urbanisation
reasons:
- less traffic so less noise and air pollution
- safer, less delays
- more open land, aesthetically pleasing
- more space, less crowded, low density housing
pros:
- more open space
- low density
- less traffic
- quiet, safe
- close community
- better environmental quality
- better school experience
cons:
- longer commutes
- less facilities
- house prices
- isolation
- travel
- not diverse
- expensive transport
- increased living costs
HEIGHINTON- built up area on west of center. Now has more road networks for access. Has a bypass so road doesn't go straight through
Darlington:
- Re-urbanisation- Feethams
- Deindustrialisation- Albert Hill
- Decentrialisation- McDonalds
- Suburbanisation- Hummersknot
- Industrial Relocation- TK MAXX
- Counter Urbanisation- Heighington
Land Use in Darlington
- commercial- CBD, Morton Park
- industrial (old)- Albert Hill
- industrial (new)- Lingfield, Faverdale
- residential- Hummersknot
- recreational- South Park