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Respiratory System - Cristina Medina P.2 (Disorders (Adult respiratory…
Respiratory System - Cristina Medina P.2
Bronchi
Right bronchus
it is wider, shorter, and more vertical than the left; more common for an inhaled foreign object to get stuck there; has 3 lobar (secondary) bronchi
Left bronchus
has 2 lobar (secondary) bronchi
Lungs
Left lung
it is smaller because the apex of the heart is slightly to the left of the median plane; it has two lobes- superior and inferior
Right lung
it is larger and has 3 lobes - superior, middle, and inferior
Major Functions
to supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
Lung Capacity
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
total amount of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal volume expiration, so it is the sum of TV and IRV
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration and is the combined RV and ERV
Vital capacity (VC)
total amount of exchangeable air. It is the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV.
Total lung capacity (TLC)
sum of all lung volumes
Respiration
Inspiration
inspiratory muscles contract
Thoracic cavity volume increases
lungs are stretched; intrapulmonary volume increases
Intrapulmonary pressure drops
Air flows into the lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0
Expiration
1, Inspiratory muscles relax
Thoracic cavity volume decreases
elastic lungs recoil passively; intrapulmonary volume decreases
Intrapulmonary pressure rises
Air flows out of lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is 0
Organ Location
upper respiratory tract
external nose and nasal cavity
produces mucus; filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
Paranasal sinuses
may warm, moistens, and filter incoming air
Pharynx
facilitates exposure of immune system to inhale antigens; passageway for air and food
lower respiratory tract
larynx
air passageway; prevents food from getting into lower respiratory tract; voice production
trachea
air passageway; cleans, warms,and moistens incoming air
bronchial tree
air passageway connecting trachea with alveoli; cleans, warms,and moistens incoming air
alveoli
main sights of gas exchange
lungs
house respiratory passages smaller than the main bronchi
Disorders
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A dangerous lung condition that can develop after severe illness or injury to the body.
Pneumonia: Infectious inflammation of the lungs, in which fluid accumulates in the alveoli
Orthopnea: Inability to breathe in the horizontal (lying down) position.
Deviated septum: Condition in which the nasal septum takes a more lateral course than usual and may obstruct breathing.
Pulmonary embolism:
Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by an embolus
Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Abnormal breathing pattern sometimes seen just before death (the “death rattle”) and in people with combined neurological and cardiac disorders