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Martin Kaylee Period 1 Respiratory System (definitions of lung capacity…
Martin Kaylee Period 1 Respiratory System
major functions of the respiratory system
control of pH of body fluids
promotes flow of lymph and venous blood between abs and thorax
sense of smell
production of speech and other vocalizations
making of angiotensin II
differences between the left and right lung and right and left primary bronchi
The left lung is smaller and the right lung is bigger; the left lung has two lobes and the right lung has three lobes.
The left bronchus is narrower and longer and not as straight, whereas the right lung is wider, shorter, and straighter.
definitions of lung capacity terminology
Tidal volume:amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing
inspiratory reserve volume:complemental air; air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration has taken place
expiratory reserve volume:supplemental air; amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration
residual volume:air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
vital capacity:total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; equal to the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV
total lung capacity:volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
disorders of the respiratory
asthma:A chronic (long-lasting) inflammatory disease of the airways that causes the airways to spasm and swells periodically so that the airways narrow.
bronchitis:Acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the bronchi; worsens after a cold or the flu.
deviated septum:Crooked nasal septum (cartilage partition between the nostrils).
laryngitis:Inflammation of the larynx, including the vocal cords.
pleurisy:Inflammation of membranes surrounding the lungs and lining of the pleural cavity (wet & dry).
anatomy of the respiratory tract
The 3 meanings of respiration are:ventilation, exchange of gases, and use of oxygen in cellular metabolism.
The respiratory system is:organ system which mechanically brings oxygen in and out of the body.
The 6 organs of the respiratory system are:nose, pharynx ,lungs ,larynx, trachea, and bronchi
internal and external respiration
External Respiration:the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
Process of external respiration: We breathe in oxygen and it goes to our lungs. The oxygenated blood flows through the heart and around the body supplying the body tissues.
Internal Respiration: the exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
Process of internal respiration:happens inside the capillaries and oxygenated blood reaches its destination.Oxygen leaves the blood and passes to the tissues.Gas exchange occurs.
Organs of respiratory system and location
Pharynx: The membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.
Bronchi:Any of the major air passages of the lungs that diverge from the windpipe.
Larynx: The hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.
Nose: The part projecting above the mouth on the face of a person or animal, containing the nostrils and used for breathing and smelling.
Lungs:Each of the pair of organs situated within the rib cage, consisting of elastic sacs with branching passages into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed.
Trachea:A large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.
breathing mechanism
Expiratory respiration:abdominal muscles
internal intercostals
expiration is passive
Inspiratory respiration:
diaphragm
external intercostals
accessory muscles
Inspiration is active
pressures involved in respiration:
Pbs - pressure at body surface
Pm - mouth
Ppl - intrapleural pressure
Palv - alveolar pressure