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Respiratory System Diego Cerna Per. 2 (differences between the right and…
Respiratory System Diego Cerna Per. 2
Major functions of the
respiratory system
The exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere for carbon dioxide produced by the cells of the body
anatomy of the respiratory tract
upper respiratory tract
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
lower respiratory tract
trachea
primary bronchi
lungs
alveoli
organs of the respiratory system and location
upper respiratory tract
Nasal cavity: Inside the nose, the sticky mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity traps dust particles, and tiny hairs called cilia help move them to the nose to be sneezed or blown out.
Sinuses: These air-filled spaces along side the nose help make the skull lighter.
Pharynx: Both food and air pass through the pharynx before reaching their appropriate destinations. The pharynx also plays a role in speech.
Larynx: The larynx is essential to human speech.
lower respiratory tract
Lungs: Together the lungs form one of the body’s largest organs. They’re responsible for providing oxygen to capillaries and exhaling carbon dioxide.
Bronchi: The bronchi branch from the trachea into each lung and create the network of intricate passages that supply the lungs with air.
Trachea: Located just below the larynx, the trachea is the main airway to the lungs.
Diaphragm: The diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle that contracts and relaxes to allow air into the lungs.
differences between the right and left lung and right and left
primary bronchi
left lung
smaller with 2 lobes
right lung
bigger with 3 lobes
right bronchus
wider, shorter, and striaghter
left bronchus
narrower, larger, not so straight
breathing mechanism
The action of breathing in and out is due to changes in pressure within the chest. This action is also known as external respiration and is created by the muscles of the chest and the diaphragm changing the size of the chest cavity
definitions of lung capacity terminology
total capacity
Total lung capacity, or TLC, refers to the total amount of air in the lungs after taking the deepest breath possible.
tidal breathing
Tidal breathing is normal, resting breathing
internal and external respiration
External respiration occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air. Internal respiration occurs in the metabolizing tissues, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells
disorders of the respiratory system
Asthma - Periodic constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles makes it more difficult to breathe.
Pneumonia - An infection of the alveoli. It can be caused by many kinds of both bacteria and viruses. Tissue fluids accumulate in the alveoli reducing the surface area exposed to air. If enough alveoli are affected, the patient may need supplemental oxygen.
Chronic Bronchitis - Any irritant reaching the bronchi and bronchioles will stimulate an increased secretion of mucus. In chronic bronchitis the air passages become clogged with mucus, and this leads to a persistent cough.
Emphysema - The delicate walls of the alveoli break down, reducing the gas exchange area of the lungs. The condition develops slowly and is seldom a direct cause of death.