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Immune system (Sources: (TED-Ed (2018, January 8). How does your immune…
Immune system
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Leukocyte
Type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood and lymph tissue. They help the body fight infection and other diseases.
Neutrophils
They address foreign invaders by "eating them" a process referred to as phagocytosis, or by taking them up into the cell in a process called endocytosis. Once the foreign organism is inside the neutrophil, it is "treated" with enzymes which result in the destruction of the organism.
B Cells
Body's response to foreign invaders through what is known as humoral immunity. They activate when they encounter foreign antigens, as in foreign markers on the outside of bacteria cells during an infection. In response to such an infection, they can differentiate into plasma cells the body's antibody producing factories.
Plasma Cells
They produce large proteins called immunoglobulins, or antibodies, that attach to the surface of foreign agents.
Antibodies
They recruit other defensive molecules in the bloodstream to the site, working toward killing the infection-causing organism. They also signal other immune cells to, in turn, wage war on the invader.
T Cells
Having recognised the invader, different types of T-cell then have different jobs to do. Some send chemical instructions (cytokines) to the rest of the immune system. Your body can then produce the most effective weapons against the invaders, which may be bacteria, viruses or parasites. Other types of T-cells recognise and kill virus-infected cells directly. Some help B-cells to make antibodies, which circulate and bind to antigens.
Dentrtic Cells
They process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems.
Autoimmune diseases
Condition in which your immune system mistakenly attacks your body. In an autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakes part of your body like your joints or skin as foreign. It releases proteins called autoantibodies that attack healthy cells. Some autoimmune diseases target only one organ. Like diabetes damages the pancreas. Other diseases, like lupus, affect the whole body.
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