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Hydration and Purification (Hydration (how much? how often? (digestion…

- - - - bacteria, viruses, cysts/parasites, etc.
        
        you can (and most likely will) make you sick
      - what happens if we don't clean our water?
        
        common waterborne pathogens
        
        Cholera
        
        Cryptosporidium
        
        Cylcosporiasis
        
        Diarrheal Disease
        
        Dysentery
        
        Gastroenteritis
        
        Giardiasis
        
        Guinea Worm
        
        Hepatitis E
        
        Typhoid Fever
        
        E coli
      - pathogens
      - chemicals, heavy metals
  - - - cooks all pathogens to death
      - remember that altitude affects boiling temps
    - - catches pathogens, keeps them from entering water bottle, our bodies, etc.
      - very few are able to filter out viruses (viruses are too small)
      - can get plugged up, wont work below freezing, any water that freezes inside it will expand the pores
    - - chlorine dioxide (not chlorine)
        
        kills pathogens (same way drinking bleach would kill a person)
      - iodine
        
        tastes terrible, health risks, only treats a few things
      - potassium permanganate
        
        strong oxidizing agent
    - - gives all the pathogens cancer; prevents reproduction (the live ones in the water have an incredibly short life). Essentially deactivates the pathogens.
      - time and sunlight can sometimes re-activate then
    - - evaporated and recondensed
        
        pathogens cannot evaporate with the water
    - - pressure pushes water through a membrane that catches all the toxins and pathogens within it
    - - could be as simple as pouring water through your shirt into your bottle to catch bigger floaties
        
        you can treat the water, but if it has floaties still in it, there are pathogens still in it just biding their time
    - - makes anything in the water clump together so it can be removed
  - - - no
        
        still, warm, murky, stuff floating in it, etc.
        
        leave it alone
      - yes
        
        moving, cold, aerated, clear, etc.
        
        still needs to be cleaned
    - - need to be melted
    - - far too salty: we cannot drink it
        
        requires a desalination filter or flocculation device
- - - - we will slow, both physically and mentally
        
        our decision making ability will be severely altered
        
        we will feel fatigue, dizziness, confusion, etc
        
        the more dehydrated we are, the more severe it will be
        
        even small tasks will be difficult
      - our urine will become darker: the darker it is, the more dehydrated we are.
      - lack of sweat
        
        if we stop sweating during/ after extreme exertion, it means our bodies have run out of water to sweat
        
        this is extremely dangerous, we will most likely need to be hospitalized in order to be brought back to normal levels of hydration
    - - not enough water in our systems
        
        without water, we die; simple as that
  - - - we flush them out, we can die
        
        over-hydration
      - we need electrolytes to keep synapses firing
        
        synapses slow or stop, muscle response will slow or stop
        
        physical ability is reduced
        
        this can effect essential muscles like the heart - death is a possibility
  - - - the more we sweat, the more water and salt our bodies lose
        
        these need to be replaced
        
        see hyponatremia
        
        the more we sweat, the more water we need to drink to replenish our fluids
  - - - metabolizing calories
        
        water acts as a metabolizing agent: without water we cannot digest our food