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Cholinergic drugs (Bethanechol (Contraindication (hyperthyroidism, peptic…
Cholinergic drugs
Bethanechol
Mechanism of action
It is directly stimulates muscarinic receptors causing increased intestinal mortality and tone. It also stimulates the detrusor muscle of the bladder .
indications
it is used to stimulate the atonic bladder, particularly in postpartum or postoperative, nonobstructive urinary retention
Contraindication
hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer
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coronary artery disease, epilepsy and parkinsonism.
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Side effect
Digestive: abdominal cramps or discomfort, colicky pain, nausea and belching, diarrhea
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Skin: flushing producing a feeling of warmth, sensation of heat about the face, sweating; Respiratory: bronchial constriction, asthmatic attacks; Special Senses: lacrimation, miosis.
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Pyridostigmine
Mechanism of action
Prevents acetylcholine destruction, resulting in stronger contractions of muscles weakened by myasthenia gravis or curare like neuromuscular blocker
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side effect
miosis, increased GI and skeletal muscle tone
bradycardia, constriction of bronch and ureters
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headache, rash and decreased in diastolic BP
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Accetyl choline
Mechanism of action
Is a cholinergic agonist.Acetylcholine is neurotransmitter. ACH has been considered an important excitatory neurotransmitter in the caratide body.Various nicotine and muscarinic receptors are present in both afferent nerve endings and glomus cells.
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CONTRAINDICATIONS
Iritis
Acetylcholine use should be avoided in patients with acute iritis and acute inflammatory disease of the anterior chamber. Cholinergic miotics might worsen inflammation in these situations
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Methacholine
Mechanism of action
Indications
If you are taking a beta blocker like Atenolol, metoprolol, or Propranolol
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Acts as non-selective muscarinic receptor agonist to stimulate parasymphathic nervous system. It is common used for diagnosing bronchial hyperreactivity using the bronchial challenge test.
Storage
methacholine solutions should be stored in the dark at 4°C. At this temperature, both are stable for at least three months
Side effect
Headache, sore throat, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, or dizziness
Difficult breathing, cough, wheezing, chest pain/tightness, irregular heartbeat.
Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing