Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Britney Escalante Period 5 (Disorders (Chronic…
Respiratory System Britney Escalante Period 5
Major Functions
Distribution of Air - filters, warms, humidifies air
Gas Exchange - supplies oxygen & removes carbon dioxide--- helps maintain homeostasis
Anatomy of Respiratory Tract
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nose - supported by bone & cartilage, provides an entrance for air in which air is filtered by coarse hairs inside the nostrils
Pharynx - common passage way for air and food
Larynx - enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea & inferior to the pharnyx
Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea - extends downward anterior to the esophagus & into the thoracic cavity, where it splits into right & left primary bronchi
Lungs - enclosed by the diaphragm & thoracic cage, lungs seperated medially by the mediastinum
Alveoli - tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen & carbon dioxide to move between the lungs & bloodstream
Right & Left Lung/Primary Bronchi
Two main primary bronchi, each leading to a lung left to right
Right Lung - 3 lobes (superior, middle, & inferior)
Left Lung - 2 lobes (superior & inferior)
Breathing Mechanism
Inspiration - movement of air into lungs
Expiration - movement of air out of lungs
changes in size & shape of thorax cause changes in air pressure within the thoracic cavity & lungs
Air Pressure differences actually cause air to move into & out of the lungs
Lung Capacity Terminology
Tidal Volume - air moved by 1 respiration, about 500 mL
Inspiratory Reserve Volume - additional air taken in during maximal inhalation (in addition to tidal volume)
Expiratory Reserve Volume - additional air expired during forced exhalation (in addition to tidal volume)
Residual Volume - amount of air left in alveoli after forced expiration that keeps alveoli inflated (1200 mL)
Total Lung Capacity - sum of all volumes
Internal/External Respiration
Internal Respiration - the exchange of gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) between the cells of the body and the blood by way of the fluid bathing the cells
External Respiration - exchange of gases environment and a distributing system that's between the alveoli of the lungs
Disorders
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disordr (COPD) - chronic bronchitis emphy sema, & asmtha
Tuberculosis - bacterial infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pheumonia - inflammation & fluid in the lungs
Lung Cancer - mass of uncontrolled cell growth in the lungs
Seasonal Flu - viral infection, changes rapidly over years
Pneumothorax - collapsed air (air leaked into pleural space)
Asthma - chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages caused by allergies