Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
the Respiratory System. (disorders of the respiratory system. (chronic…
the Respiratory System.
Major functions of the respiratory system;
gas exchanges between blood and external enviroment
passageways to lungs purify, warm, and humidify the incoming air
anatomy of the respiratory tract;
upper respiratory tract
nose
airs enters nose through external nares
nasal cavity divided by nasal septum
nasal cavity
olfactory receptors located in mucosa on superior surface
rest lined with respiratory mucosa
moistens air
traps incoming foreign particles
cateral walls have conchae
increases surface area
increases air turbulence within nasal cavity
sinuses
cavities within bones
frontal, sphenoid ethmoid, maxillary bone
lighten the skull
resonance chambers for speech
produce mucus
pharynx
muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx
three regions
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
lower respiratory tract
larynx
trachea
bronchial tree
ungs
organs of the respiratory system and location (upper and lower respiratory track);
upper respiratory tract
nose
nasal cavity
sinuses
pharynx
lower respiratory tract
lungs
bronchial tree
trachea
larynx
differences between the right and left lung and right and left primary bronchi;
lungs
right lung
3 fissures
left lung
2 fissures
primary bronchi
right primary bronchi
wider
shorter
straighter
left primary bronchi
longer due to presence of heart
breathing mechanism;
eupnea:
normal and quiet
apena
termprary cessation
dyspnea
painful or labored breathing
tachypnea
rapid breathing
definitions of lung capacity terminology;
inspiration capacity
tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
function residual capacity
residual volume+ expiratory reserved volume
vital capacity
inspiratory reserved volume + tidal volume+ expiratory
total lung capacity
sum of all volumes
internal and external respiration;
internal: flow of air into lung
lungs fill
diaphragm moves down
force inhalation
muscles contract
ribs rise
external: flow of air leaving lung
passive process
force expiration
lungs decrease in size with contract rib cage
ribs move down and inward
diaphragm moves up
disorders of the respiratory system.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
patients almost always have a smoking history
major causes of the US
labored or difficulty becomes progressively more severe
coughing and frequent pulmonary infections are common
hypoxic
leads to respiratory failure
emphesyma
alveoli enlarge as adjacent chambers break through
chronic inflammation promotes lung fibrosis
airways collapse during expiration
patients use a large amount of energy to exhale
over flation cause barrel chest
cyanosis late in disease
chronic bronchitis
muscosa becomes inflamed
pneumonia is common
mucus production increases
pooled mucus impairs ventilation and gas exchage
risks of lung infection increases
lung cancer
1/3 of cancer deaths of US
associated with smoking
three common types
squamous cell carinoma
adenocarcinoma
small cell carcinoma
sudden infant death syndrome
unexplained infant death
cause may be due to neural respiratory control center or abnormal heart rhythms
asthma
chronic inflamed hypersensitive bronchiole passages
responds to irritation with dyspnea, coughing, and weezing
birth defects
cystic fibrosis: over secretion of thick mucus clogs the respiratory system