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LENIN general brainstorm (RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (PG was against violent…

- - - - received a law degree and practiced law briefly in St Petersburg in the mid 1890s
    - - Karl marx
        
        1889 Lenin declared himself a Marxist
        
        arrested for marxist activities and exiled to Siberia
        
        established the bolshevik party when he moved to germany and Switzerland where he met other European marxists
- - - - peasants and workers demanded immediate change of the government due to food and fuel shortages
        
        decided this was the time to seize power
        
        organised the red guard and on Nov 7&8 they captured the PG buildings
        
        proclaimed Bolshevik rule
        
        Lenin became the leader of the first Communist state
        
        ended the involvement in WWI with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- - - - NEW ECONOMIC POLICY
- - - - legalised what the peasants had already done
    - - principle of communism was that the factors of production belonged t the state
        
        Bolsheviks couldn't stay in power if they denied the peasants their land as they were outnumbered
    - - wasn't enforced
  - - - regulated the national economy
      - had limited control
      - major policy was it had nationalised the banks and railways and cancelled debts owed to foreign governments
  - - - without land transfers or financial indemnities
    - - Trotsky = Commissar for foreign affairs
    - - Russia was to lose Poland, Lithuania, Finland, Ukraine and Georgia
        
        1921 Russia regained Ukraine and Georgia
      - 33% of the population were lost and arable land
      - Russia had to pay an indemnity of 6000 million marks
        
        favoured accepting the German demands as Russia was too weak to continue the war
- - - - Some Bolsheviks favoured a broad coalition of Parties
  - - - opposed to western ideals of democracy
        
        wanted a dictatorship of the Bolshevik party
    - - led to a civil war that lasted until the late 1920s
- - - - congress of soviets had little power and only met a few days a year
    - - monopolised by the Communist Party Leadership
        
        soviets local state constitutions met less frequently and became slaves to sovnarkom
- - - - Red army captured areas during the Civil War and imposed communist governments on them
        
        turned them into Soviet Socialist republics
        
        each republic had its own government and could make decisions about health and education
        
        economic policy had to be acted under the instructions of local commissars who followed orders from Moscow
        
        Foreign and Defence Policy were directed entirely from Moscow
- - - - emergence of Kulaks and Nepmen
- - - - ex tsarist officers were placed in the Red Army
      - reintroduced one-man management in the factories
    - - Conscription introduced and became 5 million strong by 1920
      - recruited 50 000 previous tsarist officers
        
        those that refused were put into the concentration camps and there families murdered
      - appointed political commissars to every army unit
        
        deserters and incompetents were dealt with ruthlessly
- - - - military discipline applied
        
        this abolished the 1917 decree
      - middle class managers, accountants and engineers ere brought back to the rue the factories who had been placed under workers' control
        
        proved disastrous
      - operated under the overall supervision of the Supreme Council of National Economy
      - internal passports introduced to stop industrial workers moving to the countryside
    - - wages paid in food and fuel
      - trade was by barter
  - - - food shortages
        
        large scale migration from the cities between 1917 and 1920
        
        urban population fell by 33%
    - - 1921 the grain harvest was 50% of the 1913 level and industrial output has fallen to 20%
        
        equally as bad in white controlled areas
    - - took 60% of food and 70% of shoes
- - - - Russia had a lack on industry so had to rely on others
  - - - Sailors at Kronstadt Naval Bae revolted against the Communist party
      - protested communists had broken all their promises
      - crushed by the Red Army
      - worried the communists as they had been loyal supporters throughout the civil war
    - - peasants in Tamboc rebelled against the government
      - attacked and robbed grain convoys
    - - 77% of Russia's large and medium sized factories during 1920s