Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Research Methods (Observation (Designing observations: (Behavioural…

- - - - different categories of behaviour are noted down before observation; structured observation; provide quantitative data but can have a restricted view of all behaviours
    - - can analyse qualitative data and turn it into quantitative data
    - - observer records what the P s doing at fixed intervals
    - - fixed period of time is set for observing and all events are recorded in that time period
    - - event is recorded every time it happens
- - - - same P's are used for both conditions
      - P's affected by order effects (practice and fatigue), but P's can be counterbalanced so half P's do one conditions first etc; more likely to guess aim of experiment and then respond to demand characteristics
      - less P's needed so reduced time and cost
    - - P's are randomly allocated to different experimental groups
      - different people in each condition; won't be affected by order effects; less likely to guess aim of experiment; more p's used to can be more generalisable
      - affected by individual differences; increased cost and time due to more P's being needed
    - - different P's used for each conditions but are matched for variables that the experimenter thinks are important e.g. age, IQ, gender
      - reduces individual differences error; no order effects
      - more P's needed so more time and effort, and takes a lot of effort to match P's; experimenter may not match on basis of right variables; P's are still not the same after being matched
- - - - same set of questions are asked to each of the P's
      - easier to gather qualitative data
      - artificial; P may not elaborate or answer with more detail
    - - interviewer has a list of questions but can ask to elaborate or provide more detail about an answer
      - a lot of data is still gathered; slightly harder to summarise and spot trends
      - can provide detail on answers so seems more sociable and friendly than a structured interview
    - - researcher has topics to discuss but may not be in same order each time and questions are not worded exactly the same
      - a lot of detailed qualitative data can be gathered; more like a regular conversation so is less stressful and higher ecological validity
      - broad range of topics discussed so it is hard to summarise the data and analyse it for trends
  - - - P's can respond however they want to a question
      - qualitative data gathered; lots of detail; not forced to respond in a particular way
      - too much data gathered so is hard to analyse
    - - a question has limited responses to pick from
      - less time consuming; quantitative data easier to analyse
      - only limited information is gathered; miss important information; lack ecological validity as P's are not able to respond how they want to
    - - Likert rating scale
        
        given a scale to measure extent to which P's agree/disagree or like/dislike something
        
        can provide quantitative data
      - Semantic differential rating scale
        
        put something on a scale; two words taken with opposite meanings and put across from each other and P's have to place a cross on the line
        
        p's have to have a good vocabulary to understand what the words mean; hard for children to complete
        
        quantitative data gathered; less detail