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Agricultural policy 1949-1989 (the great famine (collectivisation was…
Agricultural policy 1949-1989
The Great leap forwards
Reasons for
Mao wanted to bring an end to China's dependence on the Soviet Union in developing China's industry
The belief that socialism was superior to capitalism driven by Soviet achievements such as launching the first satellite into space in 1957
Mao desired to continue the industrial progress started in the first five year plan
The collectivisation of agriculture would provide sufficient food to feed the expanding workforce and surplus to sell abroad to buy machinery
Mao's enthusiasm and faith that anything could be achieved if the will to succeed existed
Key features
involvement of the whole population to achieve targets
collectivisation of agriculture
backyard furnaces
privately owned businesses came to an end
massive projects such as bridges and dams
Effects of the Great Leap forwards
collectivisation failed and 50 million died in famine due to this
steel in backyard furnaces was poor quality and was thrown away
production in businesses decreased
soviet experts left China in 1960
the great famine
collectivisation was forced onto the peasants it was a complete disaster and resulted in production decreasing and started the great famine.
Mao launched a campaign to get rid of pests that ate the peasants crops and grain. but without birds the caterpillers and insects didn't get eaten so they ate more crops.
Mao believed false scientific information, saying they could increase crop production by 16%by using new scientific methods, they were so wrong and peasants who used traditional methods were denounced by the state.
the peasants no longer had an incentive to produce more food than they needed for their commune because they would make no profit.
officials didnt dare tell Mao about the failure of production, in order to impress him they lied about how much they made.
the great famine caused 50 million deaths, parents sold children, husbands sold wives and some people resorted to cannibalism
drought in north reduced harvest and flooding in south therefore damaged crop production.
Changes in Agriculture under Deng Xiaoping
The commune was replaced by the xiang, which was the original village or township. Each xiang had a quota of produce that it had to supply to the state, but the individual farmers were allowed to sell any extra produce and any goods for profit at the market.
The land was rented by the state to farmers for a period of 15 years. The new system called 'household responsibility system', which was very popular as it rewarded farmers for hard work and skill
Initial changes under Mao
Stages in land reform
Stage 1-agrarian reform law and the attack of the warlords
Stage 2-Mutual aid teams 1951-1955
Stage 3-Agricultural producers Co-operatives 1953-1956
Stage 4-Collectivisation 1958-1962
The collectivisation of agriculture
landlord class was removed
peas
The attack on the landlords and the agrarian reform law 1950
Mao believed the achievievment
42-44pg