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Protein Synthesis (Transcription (Summary (In the nucleus, the DNA is cut…
Protein Synthesis
Transcription
Summary
In the nucleus, the DNA is cut in half and an RNA copy is created for the 3'5' half, were T is replaced by U.
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Process
Before the transcription begins, the DNA double helix unwinds itself.
RNA Polymerase separates the DNA by attaching itself to a sequence of the it, the Promoter, and cutting it.
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Translation
The nucleotides are separated in groups of 3, called codons.
When enough amino acids are brought together, they form a protein.
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For Prokaryotes, the transcription ends with the terminator, but for Eukaryotes there's still more.
A Guanine will be attached to the 5' end of the structure, while 4 Adenines (Poly-A tail) will be attached to the 3' side.
The mRNA formed by Prokaryotes is called pre-mRNA when dealing with Eukaryotes, since it's not yet complete.
There are 64 possible codons, and they can generate 20 different amino acids
Some parts of the sequence, called Entrons have no use and are discarded
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3 RNA nucleotides form a codon, but 3 DNA nucleotides form a cistron.
The RNA Polymerase will attach itself to A-T bonds, since they are easier to break.
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