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Glucose Homeostasis and GI Index (Process of GH (As the cells use glucose,…
Glucose Homeostasis and GI Index
Glucose Homeostasis
Hormonal Control: Insulin & Glucagon
Low vs. High Blood Glucose
Normal BGL’s: 3.9 and 5.5mol/L
Blood glucose must be constantly maintained to nourish cells.
Process of GH
As the cells use glucose, blood levels decline
Insulin
stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells and storage of glycogen in liver and muscles
. (It also stimulates the conversion of excess glucose into fat storage)
Low blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release glucagon into bloodstream
High blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin
Glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood
When a person eats, blood glucose rises
Diabetes
Type 2
What factors can be detrimental to management?
Glycemic Response
What factors assist in good management of Type 2?
Eating Balanced Meals
Type 1
No Insulin
Thirsty
Weight Loss
Increased need to use the restroom
Tired
Factors Influencing GI
Lactose in Milk
↓GI
Fructose in Fruit
↓GI
Fat
↓GI
Processing (Popping/Flaking):
↑GI
Fibre
↓GI
Starch Structure (High Amylopectin):
↑GI
Glycemic Index
GI of food is defined as
the incremental area under the two-hour blood glucose response curve (AUC) following a 12-hour fast and ingestion of a good with a certain quantity of available carbohydrate (usually 50g)
.
HIGH GI
: 70+
MEDIUM GI
: 56 - 69
LOW GI:
55-
GI Index and Load
Glycemic Intake
Glycemic Load (GL): GI x CHO
Type and Amount of Food Eaten
Glycemic Index (GI)
Type of Food Eaten
Complications
Type 1 Diabetes: No Insulin
Insulin Resistance: Precedes T2D
Type 2 Diabetes: Cells Fail to Respond to Insulin
Hypoglycaemia