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L9 - Antibiotics 2
Name 3 non-beta-lactam antibiotics which are…
L9 - Antibiotics 2
- Name 3 non-beta-lactam antibiotics which are potentially useful for treating a community acquired E.coli UTI
- From each of the following different antibiotic classes, name at least one antibiotic whch may have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminglycosides, quinolones.
- Name at least one cephalosporin, from each of the cephalosporin generations
- Outline very generally the relative spectra of activity of the cephalosporins generations
- Describe the general genetics of ampC beta-lactamses
- Name genera of bacteria in which ampC beta-lactamases may be found and state the acronym by which they are know
- Name the antibiotics to which ampC producers are resistant and name the antibiotic of choice for treating infection with these bacteria
- Describe the general genetics of ESBL's
- Name the two GENERA in which ESBL production is most commonly seen
- Name the antibiotics to which ESBL producers are resistant and name the antibiotic of choice for treating inf. of these bacteria
- Describe the risks to the patient of aminglycoside use and discuss briefly how this is avoided.
- Name the antibiotic used for empirical treatment of bacterial meningitis and why it is used
- Explain why antibiotic prophylaxis is used and define contacts of invasive N.meningitidis disease, state the antibiotics used for this purpose in different categories of contacts
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Cephalospsorins
Classified into generations, indicating their spectrum of activity
ENTEROCOCCI (faecalis, faeceum) ARE ALWAYS RESISTANT
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Resistance to expanded spectrum cephalosporins (3rd Gen)
3rd generation cephalosporins have been heavily used against GNB => exerts evolutionary pressures => emergence of hyper-resistant GNB
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Extended spectrum B-lactamase (ESBL) production
ESBLE genes are found on PLASMIDS = transferable between bacteria
Initially found only in Klebsiella and E.coli, Proteus mirabilis yet now in Enterobacter & Citrobacter
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Aminoglycosides
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Features
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Activity against Staphylococcus & Streptococcus (used as synergists, not on their own
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