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CNS (phenytoin (indications---used in the treatment of status epilepticus …
CNS
phenytoin
indications---used in the treatment of status epilepticus , prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during neurosurgery. control of arrhythmias.
mchanism of action---it stabilises neuronal membranes in the motor cortex by decreasing sodium and calcium ion influx into the neurons .acts an antiarrhythmic agent by decreasing abnormal ventricular automacity and shortening the refractory period.
contraindications----hypersensitivity to hydantoins, seizures due to hypoglycemia.
side effects---drowsiness, lerthagy , confusion, slurred speech, irritability, gingival hyperplasia , constipation, dizzness,nasea, vommiting, pink-colored urine.
precautions---extreme caution should be used in patients with congestive heart failure, myocardial damage, hyperglycemia, hypotension, renal impairment.
storage---oral dosage forms are stored at room temperature and protected from light and freezing.injection should be stored in a cool, dry place at room temperature.for diluted infusions,prepare just prio to use and use within 1 hour of preparation.
administration---take oral with food if GI distress occurs.give phenytoin by iv infusion directly into the large vein .
bupropion
mechanism of action---it blocks the reuptake of neurotransmitter, including serotonin and norepinephrine at CNS presynaptic membranes , increasing their availability at postsynaptic receptor sites .reduces the firing rate of noradrenergic neurons.relieve depression and nicotine withdrawal.
indications---depression, smoking cessation.
contraindications--hypersensivity.current or prior diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia,seizure disorder.
side effects--constipation,weight gain or loss, nasea,vommitting, anorexia, dry mouth, headache, diaphoresis,tremors, sedation, insomia,dizznessness.
precautions---bupropion should be used with caution in patients with renal and hepatic disease,bipolar disorder, recent ,myocardial infarction ,cranial trauma,elderly patients.
storage---store at controlled room temperature.
administration---may take without regard to food.swallow sustained release and extended -release tablets whole.do not crush or chew.
clonidine
mechanism of action---is the agent that prevents pain signal transmission to the brain.produces analgesia at pre and post -a adrenergic receptors in the spinal cord .reduces peripheral resistance, decrease BP and heart rate.
indications---hypertension,severe pain, ADHD.
contraindications----hypersensivity to clonidine or any product component, epidural contraindicated with bleeding diathesis or infection at the injection site or anticoagulation therapy.
side effects---dizzness, sedation , constipation, depression, swelling of feet, loss of appetite, decreased sexual ability, itching eyes.
precautions---caution is warranted with cerebrovascular disease, chronic renal failure, raynaud disease, recent myocardial infarction, severe coronary insufficiency and thromboangitis obliterans.
administration---take orally.do not chew, crush or break the tablet.for transdermal use, apply the system to dry, hairless area of intact skin on upper arm or chest.epidural injection administration.
alprazolam
contraindications---acute alcohol intoxication with depressed vital signs , acute angle-closure glaucoma, concurrent use of itraconazole or ketoconazole.
side effects---ataxia, lightheadness, headach , confusion, blurred vision, depressed mood, nervousness or irritability.
precations---dizziness and drowsiness may occur.breastfeeding is not recommended , benzodiazepines are excreted in human milk and infant can become lethargic.
storage----store at room temperature.keep tightly closed.keep orally disintegrating tablet in bottle until time of administration and protect from moisture.
administration----crush tablets as needed. mix concentrated oral solution with liquids or semi solid foods.handle orally disintegrating tablets with dry hands.