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Measuring & Assessing Dietary Intake of Individuals (Measuring food…
Measuring & Assessing Dietary Intake of Individuals
Measuring food intake
Report all food eaten
Identify foods
Amount
Frequency
Calculate intake - portion size x frequency x nutrient content per g for the number of days
Nutrients per g from composition tables
Retrospective = in the past (retro)
What was eaten by memory
Diet History
Experienced interviewer
Up to 2 hrs in clinic setting
24hr recall
Quick
Interviewer familiar with foods
Open ended
No measure
FFQ / FAQ
Used in cohort or epidemiology studies
Assess diet in recent weeks
Tested and validated
Pros & Cons
Reliant on Memory
Conceptualization
Observer Bias
Reported Diet Maybe Distorted
May Lack Measure of Day-Day Variation
Requires Regular Eating Habits
Limitations of Food Composition Tables
Quick
Cheap
Can be applied to a large number of subjects (thousands with a good FFQ)
Low Subject Motivation
Good Co-operation
Low Literacy/Numeracy Skills
Can be done by Postal/Telephone
Prospective (currently)
Recorded by the subject or the researcher
Weighed food inventory - Food is weighed or measured
Number of days - normally 7
Record of all food and drink
Weighed prior to consumption
Accurate and not estimated
Pros
Current Diet
Direct Observation
Daily Variation
Length Variable (researcher can set the length of time data is collected any thing from one day to several months)
Cons
Labour Intensive
Requires Literacy/Numeracy Skills from the subjects
Under-reporting in Some Groups
Expensive
Usually only done in a few subjects
Food diary using household measures
Weighed but portion sizes estimated or standardised, spoons and cups used
Interested in usual intake - not a one off
Mean number of intake used - as may be very varied
Considerations that influence choice of dietary intake method - children, elderly clinical situation, developed and developing countries