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Body Systems Mind Map By: Nathan Haynie (Muscular System (produces…
Body Systems Mind Map By: Nathan Haynie
Skeletal System
allows movement, provides support/ structure, and protects organs in the body
flat bones - protect internal organs
long bones - support weight and allow movement
Major Structures
cartilage - provides cushioning at joints
ligaments - connects bone to other bones
tendons - connect muscles to bones
osteoporosis - bones become more fragile and can be fractured easily
Diseases
scoliosis - abnormal curve of the spine
arthritis - inflammation of the joints
consume lots of calcium and vitamin d
wear correct safety equipment when doing activities
Care
do weight bearing exercises
Nervous System
Collects, interprets, and responds to sensory input.
Brain - control center of the body
Spinal Cord - communicates between the brain and the Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons - send and receive signals between the brain and spinal cord
Major Structures
Neuroglia - protect, feed, and insulate neurons
Nerves - communicate throughout the body to tell the Central Nervous System what's going on
cerebral palsy - reduced ability to control muscles
Diseases
epilepsy - person repeatedly has seizures
alzheimer's disease - affects the brain's memory and how that person acts
Don't smoke or drink alcohol
Get enough sleep at night
Avoid working toxic chemicals
play mind games to exercise your mind
Care
Respiratory System
provide body with oxygen and and remove carbon dioxide from it
lungs - exchange carbon dioxide with oxygen through breathing
bronchi/bronchiole - guide air to each lung
mouth/nose - filter air entering the body into the trachea
alveoli - exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide with blood vessels
trachea - transport air from mouth/nose to the bronchi
Major Structures
diaphragm - contract and expands to let the body inhale and exhale
Asthma - difficulty of breathing that is caused by inflamed airways
Diseases
pneumonia - infection in the air sacs of the lungs
Chronic Bronchitis - chronic cough that causes people to cough up sputum
Do not smoke and stay away from secondhand smoke
Care
Stay away from air pollution
maintain a healthy weight and exercise almost daily
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body. The circulatory system takes that oxygen and gives it to cells in the body. The circulatory system takes carbon dioxide from the cells back to the respiratory system. The respiratory system then gets rid of that carbon dioxide.
Digestive System
breaks food down to absorb its nutrients
stomach - stores and breaks down food
Major Structures
small intestine - passes nutrients into the bloodstream
esophagus - moves food from mouth to stomach
large intestine - turns indigestible food material into waste
rectum - stores feces until they are expelled out of the body.
mouth - teeth break up food and saliva helps break it down
Diverticulosis - small pouches form across the walls of the large intestine causing discomfort
Diseases
Peritonitis –abdominal cavity lining is inflamed
Dysphagia - difficulty swallowing
consume a lot of fiber and liquids
try to keep a eating schedule
limit consumption of fatty food
Care
The digestive system transforms carbohydrates into sugars. The endocrine systems then releases insulin to control how fast the sugars are used up. They work together to keep blood sugar levels from getting too high
Endocrine System
Regulates the changes in your body to keep it at homeostasis
pituitary glands - in charge of growth, reproduction, and metabolism
thyroid glands - regulates metabolic rate
hypothalamus glands - regulates body temp., hunger, and sleep and communicates between brain and other glands
adrenal glands - releases adrenaline in stressful situations
pancreas - produces insulin and glucagon to regulate sugar in the blood
thymus glands - develops immune system
Major Structures
Diabetes - high blood sugar levels
Diseases
thyroiditis - inflamed thyroid gland
Acromegaly - too much of the growth hormone is released into the body
get plenty of sleep
Care
limit consumption of dairy products
avoid caffeine and alcohol
Muscular System
produces movement, produces body heat, and stabilizing the body
skeletal muscle - work to move bones back and forth
Major Structures
smooth muscle - contracts tubes and ducts to move food contents along
cardiac muscle - contracts the heart to pump blood
tendons - connect muscle to bone
motor nerves - tell muscles to move
Compartment Syndrome - prevents blood with oxygen from reaching muscle tissue and nerves
Myasthenia Gravis - muscle weaken and tire easily
Muscular Dystrophy - weak muscles because of loss of muscle mass
Diseases
Stretch your muscles out daily
Consume certain proteins, carbohydrates, and fats
Care
Keep your body hydrated
The skeletal system's bones give the body its shape. The muscular system's muscles attach to the bones. The muscles contract to move the bones and therefore move the body.
Nerves in the muscular system send signals to the nervous system of what is happening around them. The brain processes and responds to this information by sending signals back. The brain tells the muscles to move the different parts of the body.
Cardiovascular System
pumps blood, moves nutrients to cells, and takes waste away from them
heart - pumps blood throughout the body
arteries - take blood away from the heart
veins - take blood into the heart
Major Structures
capillaries - exchange nutrients and waste from cells through the blood.
blood - carries materials throughout the body
Atherosclerosis - hardening of arteries
Arrhythmia - abnormal heart rate
Diseases
Mitral stenosis - mitral valve is abnormally small which makes it hard for blood to pass through it
Maintain a health weight
Care
engage in physical activity for at 30 minutes of most days of the week
Eat more fruits and vegetable to keep your diet healthy