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Cell Cycle (Vocabulary (differentiation: making a product different from…
Cell Cycle
Vocabulary
differentiation: making a product different from other similar products
ex) Stem cells differentiate to make muscle and red blood cells.
specialize: concentrate on and become an expert in a particular skill or subject
ex) Cardiologists are doctors who specialize in heart problems.
cancer: a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body
ex) Cancerous cell stuck together and from a tumor.
stem cell: an undifferentiated cells that's capable of giving rise to more cells of the same type or that are different
ex) Many parents will save their baby's cord blood because it's rich in stem cells.
cycle: a series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order
ex) During the cell cycle, S phase always come after the first growth phase.
tumor: an overgrowth of cells; rapid diversion
- Benign - not cancerous
- Malignant - cancerous
chromatin: a ball of DNA, no specific order
Mitosis
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Prophase
In a plant: nucleus moves to the etner of the cell
Plants and animals - chromatin condenses to form chromosomes (2 sister chromatids wound up DNA joined in the middle by a centromere)
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes at the centromere CHECKPOINT
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Cell Differentiation: the process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions
DNA is the "blueprint" for building an organism. DNA is what tells cells to differentiate during development.
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The environment is an organism's surroundings. Factors, like chemical, drugs, and even temperature, can affect how an organism develops.
Gap 1 (G1)
Cells increase in size, The G1 checkpoint control mechanism ensures that everything is ready for DNA synthesis.
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Gap 2 (G2)
The cell continues to grow. The G2 checkpoint control to grow. Te mechanism ensures everything is ready to enter M phase and divide.
Mitosis (M)
Cell growth stops. Cellular energy (ATP) is focused on the division of two identical daughter cells. A checkpoint in the middle of mitosis (metaphase) ensures the cell is ready to compete cell division.
Gap 0 (G0)
resting phase where the cell has left the cycle and has stopped diving,