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Cellular Processes (Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration)…
Cellular Processes
(Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration)
Vocabulary
reactant: a substance that undergoes a change during a chemical reaction (what you start with)
ex) Glucose is a reactant of cellular respiration.
product: a substance that is made in a chemical reaction (what you end up with) ex) ATP is a product of cellular respiration
photo- : a prefix that means light ex) Cameras use lgith to to create the picture on a photograph.
chloroplast: an organelle found mostly in plants that uses light energy to make chemical energy (photosynthesis)
ex) Chloroplast are found in the leaves of plants.
chlorophyll: green pigment, in all green plant, responsible for the absorption of light for photosynthesis
ex) The roots of a plants doesn't contain chlorophyll.
mitochondria: an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that does the process of cellular respiration to produce energy
ex) Muscle cells have extra mitochondria to provide the tissue with energy.
respiration: the physical and chemical processes of taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide and water
ex) Heavy breathing during exercise is evidence that your body is doing cellular respiration using energy.
ATP: the molecule our body breaks for energy; the product of cellular respiration biomolecules: nucleic acid ex) ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate
conversion: cause to change in form, character, or function ex) During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy.
interact: the effect(s) one thing has on another
ex) Several organisms interact with each other in an ecosystem.
Photosynthesis: the process of changing light energy for chemical energy (food)
Reactants
Carbon Dioxide (enters through the stomata, stoma is singular) + Water + Light Energy
Products
Glucose (carbohydrate) + Oxygen
Cellular Respiration: breaking down food and air to make energy; total = 38 ATP
Reactants
Oxygen + Glucose
Products
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Anaerobic Respiration
Lactic Acid Fermentation
This is what our muscles do it they run out of oxygen.
Makes less ATP.
Lactic acid build up causes cramps and soreness in muscles.
Alcoholic Fermentation
Turns glucose into ethanol.
Also less ATP.
Microorganisms like bacteria and yeast (fungus) do this. This is how bread and alcohol are made.
Aerobic Respiration
In animals, this is the preferred pathway It is commonly referred to as cellular respiration. This is the most efficient pathway; it makes the most ATP.