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Cell Structure (Vocabulary (organelle: specialized structures that make up…
Cell Structure
Vocabulary
organelle: specialized structures that make up the parts inside a cell
ex) The nucleus is the organelle that contains a cell's DNA.
nucleus: central and most important organelle in the cell; contains genetic material (DNA
ex) Eukaryotes, like animals and plants, have a nucleus,
locomotion: movement
ex) The sperm uses its tail (fagella) for locomotion to find the egg,
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eu-: a prefix that means true, real or complete ex) An eukaryote cells have a true nucleus.
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Membrane Transport
Osmosis: the diffusion of water from high concentration to low concentration (NO ENERGY)
Diffusion: movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration (NO ENERGY)
Facilitated Diffusion: movement of specific molecules across the cell membrane through protein channels (NO ENERGY)
Active Transport: movement of molecules across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient
(REQUIRES ENERGY)
ATP, Proton Pump, Sodium-Potassium Pump = Active
Endocytosis (move inside): cell extends and wraps around an object to form a new vacuole
(phagocytosis: taking in a liquid and pinocytosis: taking in a liquid)
exocytosis (move outside): opposite of endocytosis; the membrane of a vacuole joins into the cell membrane to expel a substance
maintaining homeostasis: membrane transport is important for the maintenance of homoeostasis (balance).
isotonic: when the concentration of solutes if the same on each side of the cell membrane (HOMEOSTASIS)
Hypertonic: greater concentration of solutes outside of a cell; this causes water to leave the cell (cell shrinks)
Hypotonic: lesser concentration of solute of outside the cell; this causes water to flood the cell (cell swells)
Prokaryote
ribosomes: tiny organelles that makes protein for the cell flagella/pili: a slender, threadlike structure to swim
cell wall: provides extra support and structure for the cell
cell membrane: encloses the cell and acts like a screen to allow some materials to pass through it but not others
circular DNA: DNA that forms a closed loop and has no end
Animal & Plant Cell
cell membrane: encloses the cell and acts like a screen to allow some materials to pass through it and not others
nucleus: an organelles that's the "brain"; home to all the cell's chromosome
vacuole: fluid-filled structures that temporarily store different substances needed by the cell
mitochondria: the "powerhouse" of cell; uses oxygen to transform food into energy to help carry out activates
ribosomes: tiny organelles that make protein for the cell
golgi body: help package materials from the from the endoplasmic reticulum and distribute them around the cell or outside of it
cytoplasm: gel-like fluid made of mostly water that take up most of the space inside the cell
endoplasmic reticulum: serves as an internal delivery system for cell transporting materials the cell needs
Only Plant Cell
chloroplast: organelles that help the plant make food for itself
cell wall: provides extra support and structure for the cell