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bacteria,archaea,and eukarya (genetic variation (types (mutation (causes,…

- - - - also called migration
      - pollen
    - - "shuffling"
      - mitosis
        
        homologous chromosomes
        
        genetic recombination
        
        gametes(sex cells)
    - - adaptations
        
        types
        
        physiological
        
        behavioral
        
        structure
        
        nutritional adaptations
        
        ex. prokaryotes
        
        categorized (obtaining energy)
        
        1 more item...
      - germ line mutation
        
        effects
        
        small change occurs in phenotype
        
        big change occurs in phenotype
        
        no change occurs in phenotype
      - causes
        
        DNA fails to copy accurately
        
        external influences
        
        chemicals
        
        radiation
      - natural selection
  - - - difference in DNA base
        
        A,C,G, or T
    - - genes
        
        alleles
        
        quantitative traits
  - - - level of enzymes
  - - - skin color
      - eye color
      - blood type
      - dimples
      - freckles
    - - camouflage
      - leaf modifications
      - cheetahs w/strips
      - albinism
- - - - extreme temperature
        
        extreme thermophiles
      - extreme salt
        
        extreme halophiles
      - extremeophiles
    - - methanogens
    - - absent
    - - absent
    - - absent
    - - methionine
    - - present in some genes
    - - several kinds
    - - some branched hydrocarbons
    - - growth not inhibited
    - - growth not inhibited
    - - present
    - - some species
  - - - proteobacteria
        
        Alpha
        
        related to eukaryotic hosts
        
        examples
        
        agrobacterium
        
        rhizobium
        
        Beta
        
        examples
        
        rubrivivax
        
        neisseria
        
        nitrosomonas
        
        Gamma
        
        sulfer bacteria
        
        example
        
        Thiomargarita nambibienes
        
        heterotrophic gamma
        
        pathogen
        
        legionella
        
        Eschericha coli
        
        vibrio cholera
        
        salmonella
        
        Delta
        
        myxobacteria
        
        myxospores
        
        Epsilon
        
        campylobacter
        
        helicobater pylori
      - chlamydias
        
        chlamydia trachomatis
      - spirochetes
        
        pathogenic parasites
        
        treponema pallidum
        
        burrelia burgdorferi
      - cyanobacteria
        
        phytoplankton
      - grampositive bacteria
        
        solitary species
        
        clostridium botuinum
        
        staphylococcus
        
        bacillus anthracis
        
        streptococcus
        
        streptomyces (top)
        
        mycoplasmas (bottom)
    - - RNA polymerase
        
        one kind
      - amino acid for protein synthesis
        
        formylmethionnine
      - membrane lipids
        
        unbranched hydrocarbon
      - intons in genes
        
        very rare
      - peptidoglycan in cell wall
        
        present
      - response to antibiotics
        
        growth usually inhabited
      - membrane enclosed organelles
        
        absent
      - histones w/DNA
        
        absent
      - nuclear envelope
        
        absent
      - circular chromosome
        
        present
      - growth at temp >100C
        
        no
  - - - methionine
    - - present in many genes
    - - several kinds
    - - unbranched hydrocarbon
    - - present
    - - absent
    - - absent
    - - present
    - - present
    - - growth not inhabited
    - - no
- - - - cellular reperation
  - - - some live by this
- - - - plants
      - fungi
    - - boosting efficiency
        
        gives resources to each tiny environment in the cell
        
        allowing multiple functions to happen
      - Cell Compartmentalization
  - - - taxis
    - - cocci(singular, coccus)
        
        spherical
        
        Pairs
        
        diplocci
        
        Chains
        
        streptococci
        
        Clusters
        
        staphylococci
      - bacilli(singular, bacillus)
        
        rods arranged in chains
        
        stereptobacilli
      - spiral (spirilla)
        
        loose coils
        
        corkscrew
    - - cell walls
        
        peptidoglycan
        
        capsules
      - endospores
    - - gram stain
        
        gram positive
        
        thick wall
        
        gram negative
        
        thin wall
    - - nucleotide
      - plasmids
        
        R plasmids
    - - binary fission
    - - horizontal gene transfer
        
        conjugation
        
        F factor
        
        F plasmids
        
        steps
        
        steps
        
        transformation
        
        transduction
        
        steps
    - - the cytoplasm is not subdivided by membranes into organelles, a lack of compartmentalization.
        
        when looking at the genetic material
    - - commensalism
      - living together
        
        symbiosis
      - parasitism
        
        parasite
        
        pathogens
        
        endotoxins
        
        exotoxins
      - symbiotic relationship
        
        host
        
        mutalisum
        
        symbiont