Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Bacteria and Archaea (Bacteria Function (Specifics on Plasmids…
Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria Function
Conjunction and Plasmids
Plasmids can be R plasmids, F plasmids, and play a role in antibiotic resistance
In bacteria, the DNA is always transferred in one way; one cells donated the DNA and one receives it.
Conjunction is the process where DNA is transferred between two prokaryotic cells that are temporarily joined. 
Specifics on Plasmids
Chromosomal genes can be transferred during conjugation when the donor cell's F factor is integrated into the chromosome.
-
F factor is a particular piece of DNA that allows the ability to form pili and donate DNA. In its own form, it is called the F plasmid.
Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria with the R plasmid survive antibiotic treatment and reproduce.
Genetic Diversity
-
in Transformation, the genome and possibly phenotype of a prokaryotic cell are altered by the uptake of foreign DNA from its surroundings. This increases genetic diversity.
-
In Transduction, phages carry prokaryotic genes from one host cell to another
Metabolism
Prokaryotes can metabolize nitrogen in many forms and can preform a process called Nitrogen Fixation that converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.
Metabolic cooperation between prokaryotic cells allows them to use environmental resources they could not use as individual cells.
-
-
Prokaryotic Function
Technology
Genetic engineering can be used to modify bacteria to produce vitamins, antibiotics, hormones, and other products that are beneficial to people
Prokaryotic CRISPR-cas system has been developed into a powerful new tool for altering genes in virtually any organism
Bacteria can be used to make milk, cheese, yogurt, beer, wine, and pepperoni.
Biosphere
-
-
If prokaryotes disappeared, many species would be driven to extinction
Research
Researchers use prokaryotes to remove pollutants from soil, air, or water. This is called bioremediation.
-
Researchers are seeking to reduce the use of petroleum and other fossil fuels by engineering bacteria that can produce ethanol
Chemical Recycling
-
-
Prokaryotes play a major role in the process of continual recycling of chemical elements between living and nonliving components of the environment
Bacteria Structure
-
Reproduction
Reproduce by Binary Fission, a process where a parent cell divides into two daughter cells and so on.
-
-
Motility
Taxis is the ability to move towards and away from a stimulus. About half of bacteria are capable of taxis.
-
Bacterial Flagella is a tail like structure that helps the bacteria move. It is composed of a motor, hook, and filament.
Cell-Surface
-
Gram Positive bacteria stain purple because their cell walls are simple and not as thick as gram negative bacteria cell walls.
Contain peptidoglycan, a polymer that encloses the entire bacterium and anchors other molecules that extend from its surface
Gram negative have a more complex wall that is thinner, so they remain pink when stained.
-
-
-