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Nort Africa to Europe migrant flow (why (Political (Freedom of movement,…
Nort Africa to Europe migrant flow
Migrant flows + patterns
many 1000s of people fled Africa + Middle-East to European territories
Numbers of migrants increased significant in 2015
became a major issue of rescue border control for the Italian coastguard and Frontex the Eu's border management agency etc.
more than one million people arrived in Europe
a large proportion of them having travelled along the eastern route through Turkey, Greece, and the Balkans
E.g. 1 migration route is in the central Med from Libyan ports to Italy's most southerly point (island of Lampedusa)
Migrants are then transported (and sometimes set adrift) in small in the Med by traffickers
the International Organization for Migration estimated that 3,279 died at sea in the crossing (2014)
often having to overland across deserts etc.
Who migrates
Many forcibly displaced due to armed conflict in places such as Syria
why
Social
Africa’s population boom
opposite trend in Europe
e.g. Niger has highest highest fertility rate in the world: 7.3 children per woman
continent’s population will double over the next 30 years because of very high fertility rates
Political
Freedom of movement
Economic Community of West African States allow freedom of movement
leave countries that are run by dictatorial, non-democratic gov. states
E.g. gay people flee Zimbabwe to avoid persecution
displaced by the jihadist groups operating in order regions-finding safety
Environmental
Climate change
its states are often characterized by weak institutions
less able to adapt to climate change
poor organization that can manage the effects of climate change
its high poverty rate undermines the resilience of local populations to climate shocks
Lake Chad shrunk by 90% since the 1960s
25 million people in the region depend on the lake for their livelihoods
the continent is highly dependent on natural resources and agriculture
Economic
food insecurity
Extreme poverty
hope to earn a higher salary in Europe
want to find better life
prospects of jobs in europe
Map
Link to map:
https://www.ecfr.eu/specials/mapping_migration
