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Reinforcement (Classes of reinforcers (Primary reinforcers (Stimulus…

- - - - If you draw up a plan to apply partial reinforcement then it is called a reinforcement schedule.
        • Two reinforcement schedules are important – a Ratio schedule and an Interval schedule.
        A Ratio schedule refers to reinforcement that is proportional – responses gets rewarded based on a specific ratio.
        • It can be fixed or variable.
        • For example: Every third time a learner gets 80% for a test he/she/they are rewarded.
      - An Interval schedule refers to a certain amount of time that has to pass before reinforcement takes place.
        • Each reinforcement goes along with an interval of time that has to pass.
        • Interval schedules still requires a certain behaviour.
        • For example: you cycle and your gym instructor says if you manage to cycle 10km p/h for 40 minutes you can drink water every 8 minutes.
        • Another example can be that you are doing “push-ups” and you decide that after 20 you will drink water. Thereafter, you do 40 and drink water and so on.
  - - - Emphasis is on the formation of associations between stimuli and responses through selective reinforcement of correct responses.
        ■ It is best to make use of Behavioural theories when one deals with:
        Multiplication facts;
        The meaning of words in a foreign language; and State capital cities.
    - - That as reinforcement gets more intermittent, the correct behaviour will continue to take place because it was previously rewarded.
        There are various reasons for the application of partial reinforcement in the school classroom:
        • You are guaranteed that good behaviour will continue;
        • That it is easier to apply partial reinforcement because you can make the rules; and
        • It is less expensive – for example if you buy chocolates as a reward to learners.