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Consciousness: a person's awareness of everything that is going on at…
Consciousness
: a person's awareness of everything that is going on at any time.
Waking consciousness
: state in which thoughts, feelings and sensations are clear and organized
Altered state of consciousness
: shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness
Sleep
: sleep wake cycle is a circadian rhythm which is a cycle of bodily rhythm occurs over 24 hour period
The release of
Melatonin
which makes people sleepy is influenced by by a structure deep within the tiny hypothalamus in an area called
Suprachiasmatic
nucleus that tells people when to wake up and when to sleep
SCN tells pineal gland to start secreting melonin when light fades and when to stop secreting melonin when light increases
Sleep varies from young adults needing 7-9 hours or sleep than older adults needing only 6 hours
Microsleeps: brief sidesteps into sleep lasting a few seconds
Sleep deprivation: any loss of sleep results in problems in concentration and irritation
Adaptive theory: animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleep when their predators are most active
Restorative theory: sleep is necessary to the physical health to replenish chemicals and and repair cellular damage
Rapid eye movement (REM): eyes move more rapidly under eyes where a person is dreaming
Paradoxical sleep is high level of brain activity, vivid and longer dreams
Sleep paralysis: inability to move muscles in REM stage
NREM non rapid: any stage of sleep that isnt REM
N1: light sleep people experience vivid visual events and hallucinations. Also body parts jerk.
N2: moderate sleep people experience sleep spindles and slow heart rates because they are drifting further to sleep
N3: deep sleep where body is at its lowest level of functioning and growth occurs
Sleep disorders
Nightmares: bad dreams occurring during REM usually remembered upon waking up
Night terrors: experience during extreme fear or runs around during sleep most people can not remember after waking up
REM behavior disorder: mechanism blocking movement of muscles, allows person to get up and act out nightmares
Sleep walking: Episode of moving and walking around during sleep occurs during NREM
Sleep apnea: when a person stops breathing for seconds or more during sleep
Insomnia: when a person is unable to fall asleep, stay asleep or get a good sleep
Narcolepsy: when a person falls asleep into REM without a warning
Dreams: manifest content is the dream itself and Latent content is the meaning behind each dream
Activation synthesis hypothesis: dreams are created by higher centers of cortex to explain the brain stem's activation of cortical cells during REM sleep period
Activation information mode model: information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams
Hypnosis: state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion
Hypnotic susceptibility: degree which a person is a good hypnotic subject requires willingness and act they are behaving involuntarily
Can be useful for relaxation and pain control and not useful for enhancing memory, eating habits or quitting smoking
Social cognitive theory of hypnosis: people who are hypnotized not in an altered state
Psychoactive drugs: drugs that alter thinking perception and memory
Stimulants: increase functioning of nervous system
Amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine and caffeine
Depressants: decrease functioning of nervous sysrem
Alcohol, opiates that suppress sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system natural receptors
Hallucinogens: alter perceptions and cause hallucinations and produce sensory distortions
LSD, ecstasy, and marijuana