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Respiratory System (anatomy of the respiratory tract (trachea, right main…
Respiratory System
anatomy of the respiratory tract
trachea
right main bronchuss
larynx
left main bronchus
pharynx
right lung
oral cavity
nostril
left lung
diaphragm
nasal cavity
definitions of lung capacity terminology
residual volume:
volume of air still remaining in lungs after expiratory reserve volume is exhaled:1200mL
expiratory reserve volume:
additional air forcibly exhaled after expiration of normal tidal volume: 1200mL
total lung capacity:
max amount of air that can fill lungs; 6000mL
vital capacity:
total amount of air can be expired after fully inhaling; 4800mL
inspiratory reserve volume:
additional air forcibly inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume;3100mL
inspiratory capacity:
max amount of air that can be inspired; 3600 mL
tidal volume:
amount of air inspired during normal breath intake; 500mL
functional residual capacity:
amount of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration;2400 mL
organs of the respiratory system and location
(upper and lower respiratory track)
trachea
primary bronchi
larynx
lungs
pharynx
nasal cavity
disorders of the respiratory system
Tuberculosis:
spread by coughing and enters body through inhaled air; bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis attacks lung
Lung Cancer:
originate in peripleural lungs; develop from bronchial glands and alveolar cells
Asthma:
active inflammation; never goes away; treated with medicine if activated
sleep apnea:
temporary cessation of breathing during sleep
Major functions of the
respiratory system
Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and Body Tissues
Air Vibrating the Vocal Cords Creates Sound
External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream
Inhalation/Exhalation: Pulmonary Respiration
breathing mechanism (physiology)
inspiration:
diaphragm and external muscles contract, causing rib cage to expand and move out ward, and expand thoracic cavity and lung volume
internal respiration:
diaphragm relaxes and volume of throraic cavity decreases while pressure increases
Ventilation:
exchange of air between the external environment and alveoli. Alveoli's pressure brings into condsideration of whether air goes in and out of the lung. Intrapleural fluid helps a long the lines when the lung inflates due to the sliding that occurs between the two
internal and external respiration
internal respiration:
oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells
external respiration:
oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into alveolar air
differences between the right and left lung and right and left
primary bronchi
Right and Left Lung:
Left:smaller because of the space needed for the heart; 2 lobes- upper and lower
Right: 3 lobes- upper , middle and lower
Right and Left Bronchi:
Left:
Right: wider, shorter and more vertical than the left; divides into different branches to reach all 3 lobes of the lung
definition: extensions of the windpipe that lets air to and from the lungs