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chapter 27 (concept 27.3: diverse nutritional and metabolic adaptations…

- - - - during conjugation, DNA is transferred between two prokaryotic cells that are temporarily joined
  - - - such resistance genes are often carried by plasmids known as R plasmids
- - - - the cell wall of many prokaryotes is surrounded by a sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein called a capsule
        
        certain bacteria develop resistant cells called endospores when they lack water or essential nutrients
        
        the hairlike appendages on some prokaryotes are called fimbriae
        
        pili are appendages that pull two cells together prior to DNA transfer from one cell to the other
        
        taxis is a directed movement toward or away from a stimulus
      - the walls of gram negative bacteria have less peptidoglycan and are structurally more complex
      - gram positive bacteria have relatively simple walls composed of a thick layer of peptidoglycan
      - the nucleiod is a region of cytoplasm that is not enclosed by a membrane
        
        a typical prokaryotic cell may also have much smaller rings of independently replicating DNA molecules called plasmids