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SEPERATION & PURIFICATION (Crystallisation (used for obtaining a pure…
SEPERATION & PURIFICATION
Filtration
used to separate insoluble solid particles from a liquid
Evaporation To Dryness
used to obtain a soluble solid from a solution by heating until solution has boiled off
solid is not pure
Crystallisation
used for obtaining a pure solid sample from its solution
solution heated until MOST of the water has boiled off
dissolved solid will form as pure crystals
Simple Distillation
used to separate pure solvent ( liquid ) from a solution
boiling chips: ensure smooth boiling
Fractional Distillation
used to separate a mixture of miscible liquids with different boiling points
liquid with lowest b.p will distil first
vapour with higher b.p condense along the fractionating column & fall back in round bottomed flask
Chromatography
used to separate two or more components that dissolve in the same solvent
Pure Substances
fixed m.p
impurities lower the m.p of a solid
fixed b.p
impurities increase b.p of a liquid
is made up of one single element / compound