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Chapter 27 (Cell structures (Most organism on earth are prokaryotic (Over…
Chapter 27
Cell structures
Most organism on earth are prokaryotic
Over the years things have developed to become many different species
capsule is a sticky layer of protein or polysaccharide
Can also be called a slime layer if not well organized
They are equip endospores
This is another protective layer
Endospores help the cell withstand harsh conditions
harsh condition such as lack of water and essential nutrients
Cells use fimbriae which is a hair-like structure to stick to one another
pili's are short hairlike structures that pulls 2 cells together before DNA transfer
Reproduction
makes more then any multicellualar
although the cells are small they reproduce rapidly
They usual take 1-3 hour some even 20 mins
Binary Fission a single prokaryotic cell way of dividing up
Auto/Heterotroph
Photoautotroph
They use light as an energy source and CO2 or HCO3 as a carbon source
Chemoautotroph
Uses inorganic compounds as a energy source and CO2 as a carbon source
photoheterotroph
Uses light as energy source and Organic compounds as carbon source
Chemohetertroph
uses organic compounds as a carbon and energy source
Mobility of cells
Along with fimbriae and pili the cells also need to be able to move around the host
taxis allows movement from and to stimuli
This allows them to move to nutrients and away from toxins
transaction
Carries out prokaryotic genes from one host cell to another
usually happen accidentally
Conjunction
Where DNA is transferred between two cells that are temporarily joined
Is made with f (fertility) factor
Three Domains of Life
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
Has membrane lipids such as Unbranched hydrocarbons
Has one kind of RNA
Amino acid in cell was formally methione
introns is very rare
peptidoglycan in cell wall
stops growth in response with antibiotics
Circular chromosomes in cell
