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Respiratory System Destiny Espitia Per.5 (Disorders Of The Respiratory…
Respiratory System Destiny Espitia Per.5
Major Functions
Distribution of air
: filters, warms, humidifies air
Gas Exchange:
supplies oxygen & removes carbon dioxide/ helps maintain homeostasis
Anatomy Of Respiratory Tract
Upper Resp Tract:
nose, pharynx, larynx
Lower Resp. Tract:
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchloles, Lungs, Alveoli
Differences between Left and Right lung & L&R Primary BRONCHI
R. Lung
: 3 lobes: superior, middle, inferior
L.lung:
2 lobes: superior and inferior
Bronchial Tree
: 2 main (primary) Bronchi, each lead to lung/
lobar
(secondary)
bronchi going to each lobe/
Segmental
(Tetiary)
bronchi into each lobe segment
Breathing Mechanism
Mechanics of breathing (PULMONARY VENTILATION)
Inspiration
(air into lungs) and
Expiration
(air out of lungs)
Breathing:
Ventilation, Respiration
Inspiration
:
Diaphragm
: flattens during inspiration; increases top to bottom length of thorax
External intercoastals
: contraction moves ribs & sternum upward & outward, increasing thoracic cavity
Expiration
: Elastic Recoli of lung tissues aids in expiration// Forceful Expiration involves decreasing size of thoracic cavity by respiratory muscles (coughing, sneezing, speech patterns, heavy work
Definitions:
Lung Capacity Terminology
Combo of 2 or more volumes:
inspirational Capacity
= TV + IRV (~3000 ML)
Functional Residual Capacity=
ERV + RV
Vital Capacity=
TV+IRV+ERV (~4600 ML)
Total Lung Capacity
= sum of all volumes
Tidal Volume
: TV: air moves by 1 resp. bout 500 ML
*Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):
additional air expired during forced exhalation *
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
: air expired during forced exhalation
Residual Volume
: amount of air left in alveoli after forced expiration keeps alveoli inflated
internal & external Respiration:
Inspiration:
movement of air into lungs
Expiration:
air out of lungs
Internal Resp.
oxygen moves out of blood in capillary into tissue cells// carbon dioxide moves from tissue cells into capillary blood
External Resp.:
close proximity of capillaries in lungs allow exchange of gases between blood & alveoli by diffusion
EXCHANGES OF GASES IN TISSUES
Disorders Of The Respiratory System
COPD
: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder includes chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma
symptoms
: heart disease, lung damage, tight chest
risk factors/causes
: tobacco smoke, asthmatic bronchitis, dust exposure
Tuberculosis:
Bacterial infection in resp. syst. caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis//
risk factor
: contagious, inhaled weak immune syst. care/ live w/ TB patients , drug abuse
Symptoms:
cough w/ thick mucus, weight loss & night sweats/
treatment:
surgery, medication, long term antibodies
Pneumonia
: bacterial orviral infection of the lungs
lung Cancer
: uncontrolled cell growth & develop of tumors in the lung
Seasonal Flu:
Viral infection; variations of virus, changes rapidly year to year
Asthma:
inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages caused by allergies