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Skeletal System & Joints (Components of a typical long bone (Compact…
Skeletal System & Joints
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Types of Bone Cells
- osteogenic stem cells - produce bone tissue, make osteoblasts, located in endosteum and periosteum
- osteoblasts - function of stem cells, create E.C. matrix of bone
- osteocytes - maintain bone health
- osteoclasts - found in endosteum and periosteum, multinucleate, formed from several leukocytes, have microvilli to secrete enzymes to break down bone tissue, mobile, phagocytic
Fibrous Joints
Suture = skull only, no movement (fontanelles = soft spots newborns have, membrane between cranial bones before they ossify
Sydesmosis = little ligaments made of dense irregular connective tissue, have little to no movement (ex: tarsals and metatarsals, tibiofibular joint
Gomphoses = where tooth meets maxillae and mandible, periodontal ligaments in alveolus (connect tooth to bone), mainly immovable
Cartilaginous Joints
Synchondroses = epiphyseal plate until it's done growing, made of hyaline cartilage, immovable
Symphyses (slightly movable), made of hyaline and fibrocartilage (ex: pubic symphisis & intervertebral discs
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Types of Bones
Flat bones (ex: coxal bone, parietal bone, rib)
Irregular bones = all axial bones (ex: ethmoid, vertebrae, maxilla)
Short bones (ex: carpals, tarsals, patella)
Compact bone
covers all bone surfaces and condyles, outside covering of whole bone
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Spongy Bone
inside all bones, ends of long bones, lines medullary cavities
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