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Unit 5: How Effective was the US in Containing the Spread of Communism?…
Unit 5: How Effective was the US in Containing the Spread of Communism?
Korea
18 countries were involved in the Korean War, most American. The military commander (MacArthur) leading the Korean war was American as well. The Us was only partially successful against communism in Korea.
The UN starts winning and pushes communism out until China fights in support of communism and the country is divided at the 38th parallel. North (comm.) & South (capt.)
Once the UN votes for using force against North Korea, troops and supplies are sent to fight communism.
Using economic influence the US urges the United Nations (UN) to condemn North Korea.
In 1950 North Korea (communists) takes over the South and most of Korea
North Korea is governed by communist Kim Il Sung (supported by the USSR) while South Korea is governed by capitalist Syngman Rhee (supported by the US)
Cuba
President Kennedy establishes a naval blockade to prevent weapons from reaching Cuba.
The US discovers Russia is building Nuclear Missile Launch sites in Cuba through spy planes. At such a short distance from Cuba, the US dreads a nuclear attack. This is known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.
The CIA trains thousands of Cuban revolution exiles to fight Fidel Castro at the Bay of Pigs. This prompted the USSR to supply Cuba with military equipment and missiles.
The US places a trade Embargo on Cuba
Castro nationalized wealthy American Businesses in Cuba.
American supported capitalist leader, Fulgencio Batista was overthrown by Fidel Castro during the Cuban Revolution
The USSR and US come to an agreement that the US would remove missiles in Turkey while the USSR would remove them from Cuba.
This is the closest event in which the US and USSR ever come to a Nuclear War.
Vietnam
The Viet Minh had been fighting for freedom from both France and Japan for over 70 years.
The US helped France regain control of Vietnam but both failed.
While France retreated the Us stayed to fight the newly established Communist government of Vietnam.
The Us takes control of Southern capitalist vietnam and establishes a puppet leader that is later assassinated.
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The Vietcong were experience fighters and had many cheap, smart and efficient battle tactics.
The Vietcong used underground tunnels to avoid bombs and being seen by US soldiers.
These warriors also blended in with farmers and peasants. They also used these people to spy on the US military.
Another tactic used was to fight extremely close to the US to prevent bombings and the use of artillery.
Inexpensive and mortal booby traps were also created and hidden by the Vietcong in US occupied trails to frighten the US.
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The US was not as effective in fighting techniques.
The Us would place normal peasants in safe zones apart from the Vietcong, but many did not want to be moved from their home or the Vietcong would manage to enter these zones.
Operation Rolling Thunder was a tactic that included a massive bombing to disrupt the supplies f weapons & troops to South Vietnam.
Search And Destroy: Tactic in which the US would fly small troops to destroy everything the Vietcong needed to continue fighting.
5.Another tactic used was to spray chemical weapons in the jungle in order to get a better view of the land thus damaging the environment and causing genetic deficiencies to the natives.
Due to protest at home, high cost, and loss of US citizens the US withdrew from Vietnam and gave up hopes of defeating communism.
