The Respiratory System, Jessie Lopez, Period 2
Major functions of the
respiratory system
To supply oxygen to the body and get rid of Co2
Inhalation and Exhalation Are Pulmonary Ventilation
External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream
Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and Body Tissues
organs of the respiratory system and location
(upper and lower respiratory track)
Air Vibrating the Vocal Cords Creates Sound
Olfaction, or Smelling, Is a Chemical Sensation
Anatomy of the respiratory tract
bronchus (bronchi), the trachea branches into a right and left
trachea; large tube supported by rings of cartilage; called the windpipe
larynx, called the voicebox because it contains the vocal cords
Pharynx,the respiratory structure that is connected to the middle ear by the eustachian tube
bronchioles; tiny respiratory passages that deliver air to the alveoli
epiglottis;the structure that diverts food and water from the respiratory passages to the esophagus
visceral pleura;the serous membrane on the outer surface of each lung
phrenic; motor neuron that innervates the diaphragm
diaphragm;dome-shaped muscle is the chief muscle of inspiration
Upper Respiratory Tracts
Lower Respiratory Tracts
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Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lower Trachea
Alveoli
Pharynx
Larynx
Nose and Nasal Cavities
Upper Trachea
Upper Respiratory Tracts
Pleural Membranes
lungs
sinuses, ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, sphenoid
differences between the right and left lung and right and left
primary bronchi
Right lung; ;lung is bigger with 3 lobes, venous impressions on left lung
Right bronchus divides to tertiary, ; wider, shorter, and straighter
Left lung; smaller with 2 lobes, arterial impression on left lung
Left bronchus; narrower, larger and not as a straight, divides one for lower and 1 for upper lobe
breathing mechanism (physiology)
Inspiration; muscles contract , thoracic cavity volume increases, intrapulmonary volume increases, intrapulomary pressure drops, air flows into lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulomary pressure is 0
Expiration; inspiratory muscles relax, thoracic cavity volume decreases, elastic lungs recoil passively/ intrapulomary volume decreases, intrapulo0nary pressure rises, air flows out of lungs down it pressure gradient until pressure is 0
definitions of lung capacity terminology
inspiratory capacity (IC);volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale
residual volume (RV);air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
expiratory reserve volume (ERV); supplemental air; amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration
functional residual capacity (FRC); air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation has taken place
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV); complemental air; air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration has taken place
vital capacity (VC); total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation; equal to the sum of TV, IRV, and ERV
tidal volume (TV); amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing
total lung capacity (TLC); volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
internal and external respiration
external respiration;the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
internal respiration; the exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
disorders of the respiratory system
Pulmonary embolism; pulmonary arteyr or one of its branches by an embolus blood clot that has been carried from lower limbs through the right side of the heart
Tracheotomy; surgical opening of the trachea, provide an alternate route air to reach the lungs when more superior respiratory passageways are obstructed.
Pneumonia; inflammation of lungs, fluid accumulates in alveoli,, most common death in the US
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); infants placed in prose potions to sleep and may result in hypoxia and hypercapniia due to re breathing exhaled air
Cheyne-Stokes breathing; Abnormal breathing pattern sometimes seen just before death and in people with combined neurological and cardiac disorders. It consists of bursts of tidal volume breaths alternating with periods of apnea.