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The Respiratory System Sandra Salazar Per 4 (anatomy of the respiratory…
The Respiratory System
Sandra Salazar
Per 4
Major functions
Olfaction " smelling " is a chemical sensation
exhalation and inhalation are a pulmonary ventilation
The air vibrating the vocal cords creates sound
external respiration exchanges gases between the lungs and blood stream
internal respiration exchanges gases between the blood stream and body tissues
anatomy of the respiratory tract
Diaphragm
a dome shaped muscle and is the chief muscle of inspiration
Bronchi
trachea branches off into left and right trachea
Alveoli
tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow rapid gas exchange
Trachea
a large tube supported by rings of cartilage, " wind pipe "
Epiglottis
the structure that delivers food and water from the respiratory passages to the esophagus
Larynx
" voice box " contains vocal cords
Phrenic
a motor neuron that innervates the diaphragm
Pharynx
respiratory structure that is connected to the middle ear by the eustachian tube
Visceral pleura
the serous membrane on the outer surface of the lung
bronchioles
small respiratory passages that deliver air to the alveloi
Disorders
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Affects lungs and reduces airflow, will worsen over time with out treatment
Asthma
causes airways to swell and tighten, which can worsen over time. There is no cure but it can be managed with treatment
Chronic Bronchitis
Produces sputum, consistent cough, fatigue, shortness of breath and chest pain. Treatment usually consist of medicine, cough suppressants and rest
differences between the right and left lung and the right and left primary bronchi
Left lung
smaller with two lobes, arterial impression on left lung
right lung
larger with three lobes, venous impressions on the left lung
right bronchus
divides into tertiary, wide, shorter and straighter
left bronchus
narrower, larger, divides one for lower and one for upper, not as straight
Lung capacity terminology
tidal volume
amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhale and leaves the lungs in a single exhale
inspiratory reserve volume
amount of air the can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration
expiratory reserve volume
amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal respiration
residual volume
air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhale
inspiratory capacity
volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale
functional residual capacity
air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhale has taken place
vital capacity
total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
total lung capacity
volume of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation
breathing mechanism
inspiration
muscle contract, thoracic cavity volume increases volume increases, intrapulmonray volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure drops
expiration
inspiratory muscles relax, thoracic cavity volume decreases, elastic lungs recoil passively/ intrapulmomnary volume decreases
internal and external respiration
internal
exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
external
exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
upper and lower respiratory tracts
lower
Alveoli
lungs
Bronchi
Bronchioles
upper
Pharynx
larynx
nose and nasal cavity