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Faith Olivas p. 5 Respiratory System (anatomy of the respiratory tract…
Faith Olivas p. 5 Respiratory System
anatomy of the respiratory tract
oral cavity
larynx
bronchi
trachea
a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe
Diaphragm
alveoli
Nasal cavity
lungs
epiglottis
flap that covers trachea and esophagus when we swallow
esophagus
organs of the respiratory system and location
(upper and lower respiratory track)
upper respiratory tract
nose
nasal passage
paranasal sinus
pharynx
larynx
lower respiratory track
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
larynx
differences between the right and left lung and right and left primary bronchi
left lung
small
heart takes up space
2 lobes
right lung
big
3 lobes
right bronchi
wider, shorter, and more vertical
left bronchi
highways for gas exchange, with oxygen going to the lungs and carbon dioxide leaving the lungs through them
broncus
a passage of airway in the respiratory system that conducts air into the lungs
Major functions of the
respiratory system
exchange of oxygen from the atmosphere for carbon dioxide produced by the cells of the body
participation in the acid-base balance of the body, phonation, pulmonary defense, and metabolism
filters air
oxygenated blood cells
breathing mechanism (physiology)
the muscles and diaphragm contract when we inhale and relax as we exhale
The gas exchange process is performed by the lungs
trachea branches into two bronchi, tubes that lead to the lungs
oxygen is moved into the bloodstream
Blood carries the oxygen through the body to where it is needed
air pressure of the atmosphere and the air pressure within the lungs
Boyle’s law describes the relationship between volume and pressure in a gas at a constant temperature
The recoil of the thoracic wall during expiration causes compression of the lungs
definitions of lung capacity terminology
vital capacity
the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath
tidal volume
is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inhalation and exhalation when extra effort is not applied
inspiratory reserve
the maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration
expiratory reserve
the additional amount of air that can be expired from the lungs by determined effort after normal expiration
residual volume
the amount of air that remains in a person's lungs after fully exhaling
internal and external respiration
external respiration
occurs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air
internal respiration
exchange of gases
occurs in the metabolizing tissues, where oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells
disorders of the respiratory system
asthma
a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways
bronchitis
an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to your lungs
emphysema
a chronic lung disease caused by damage to the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lung where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe
lung cancer
pneumonia
an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
