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Respiratory System Julia Marousek P.2 (anatomy of the respiratory tract…
Respiratory System Julia Marousek P.2
Major functions of the
respiratory system
Supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide
Assist/allow for olfaction--provide for the movement of air across the olfactory epithelium
Assist/allow for speech--movement of air across the vocal cords
organs of the respiratory system and location
Epiglottis
throat
Larynx
start of trachea
Pharynx
throat
nose
face
Trachea
inferior larynx
Bronchi
in lungs
Lungs
chest
differences between the right and left lung and right and left
primary bronchi
lung
right
bigger with 3 lobes
left
smaller with 2 lobes
Bronchi
right
wider, shorter, and straighter
left
narrower, larger, and not as straight
breathing mechanism
Inspiration
diaphragm contracts and flattens
elastic fibres stretch, thoracic volume drops below atmospheric pressure
Expiration
diaphragm relaxes and is domed, elastic fibres recoil, thoracic volume increases
definitions of lung capacity terminology
Tidal volume
amount of air normal breathing via inspiration or expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume
extra air inspired beyond TV
Inspiratory Capacity
max amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration: TV + IRV
Expiratory reserve Volume
extra air exhaled beyond TV
Residual volume
air left after maximally exhaling
Vital capacity
IRV + TV + ERV, total volume of air in lungs under volitional control
Functional residual capacity
ERV + RV, air remaining after tidal exhalation
internal and external respiration
external respiration
process that takes place within the respiratory organs
Internal respiration
process of cells in the body exchanging gases
disorders of the respiratory system
Hypoxia
inadequate supply of oxygen to the tissues
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs
Orthopnoea
Only able to breath when sitting upright
Tuberculosis
infection usually of the lungs caused by various strains of mycobacteria
Tachypnoea
Rapid breathing
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Apnoea
Cessation of breathing
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
Dyspnoea
Difficulty in breathing
Asthma
Inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes due to hypersensitivity to foreign proteins (allergy)
anatomy of the respiratory tract
nose
pharynx
glottis
adenoids
sinuses
tonsils
alveoli
epiglottis
alveolar ducts
larynx
bronchioles
trachea
bronchi
thoracic cavity
pleura
visceral pleura
parietal pleura