Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Respiratory System Samantha Mauricio Pd 2 (Definitions of lung capacity…
Respiratory System Samantha Mauricio Pd 2
Major functions of the
respiratory system
Assist/allow for olfaction--provide for the movement of air across the olfactory epithelium
Supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide (Primary Function)
Assist/allow for speech--movement of air across the vocal cord
Anatomy of the respiratory tract
Upper Respiratory Tract
paranasal sinuses
pharynx
nasal passages
the portion of the larynx above the vocal folds (cords)
nose
Nostrils
Epiglottis
Oral cavity
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
Left Primary Bronchus
the portion of the larynx below the vocal folds
Left Lung (which includes the Inferior, Middle Superior Lobe)
Right Primary Bronchus
Right Lung (which includes the Inferior, Middle Superior Lobe)
Difference between the right and left lung and right and left primary bronchi
Left Primary Bronchi
It is narrow, larger and not as straight
Right Lung
Biggest and has 3 lobes
Right Primary Bronchi
It is wider, shorter and straighter
Left Lung
Smallest and only has 2 lobes
Definitions of lung capacity terminology
residual volume (RV)
D: air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
inspiratory capacity (IC)
D: volume of air inhaled after a normal exhale
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
D: amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal quiet respiration (supplemental air)
functional residual capacity (FRC)
D: air that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation has taken place
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
D: air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal respiration has taken place (complemental air)
vital capacity (VC)
D: total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
tidal volume (TV)
D: amount of air that enters the lungs in a single inhalation or leaves the lungs in a single exhalation of quiet breathing
total lung capacity (TLC)
D:volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation
Disorders of the respiratory system.
Tuberculosis
An infection usually of the lungs caused by various strains of mycobacteria
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Collapse of the lung
Tachypnoea
Rapid breathing, as in pneumonia
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils (specialised lymphoid tissue)
Tracheitis
Inflammation of the trachea
Pulmonary empyema
Presence of pus in the pleural cavity
Dyspnoea
Difficulty in breathing
Steps of Respiration
Pulmonary ventilation (air in/out of lungs)
External respiration (exchange of gases between lungs and air)
Transport of respiratory gases (carry gases around body)
Internal respiration (exchange gases between lungs/tissues)
Steps of Expiration Breathing
Step 2: Decrease in volume of lungs (pressure inside the lungs becomes greater than pressure outside lungs)
Step 3: Air leaves lungs down pressure gradient
Step 1: Relaxation of Inspiratory muscles
Step 4: Pressure Equalizes
Steps of Inspiration Breathing
Step 2: Increase in volume of the lungs (pressure inside lungs decrease)
Step 1: Contraction of inspiratory muscles
External Intercostal muscles: ribs elevate and sternum flares as this contracts
Diaphragm: moves inferiorly during contraction
Step 3: Air rushes in down pressure gradient
Step 4: Pressure Equalize