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Respiratory System By:Loraene Lozano Pd:1 (Definitions of Lung Capacity…
Respiratory System By:Loraene Lozano Pd:1
Major Functions
One of the main functions are to deliver air to the lungs, Also the organs are responsible for taking in oxygen and to force carbon dioxide. Also gases are delivered out when exhaling. Also the upper respiratory tract is composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx. The lower tract is the chest cavity including the lungs.
Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract
Upper:
Nose
Nasal Cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Lower:
Portion of Larynx below the vocal folds
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Organs of the Respiratory Tracts & Location
Upper Respiratory Tract
Nasal Cavity
Internal: Lies posterior to the external nose The Nasal Cavity is continuous posteriorly with the nasal portion of the pharynx
Nasal Conchae
Curved conchae greatly increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air
Sinuses
Located in frontal,sphenoid,ethmoid, and maxillary bones Lighten the skull and help warm and moistens the air
Pharynx
Both food and air passes through.Connects the nasal cavity and mouth superiorly to larynx and esophagus
Lower Respiratory Tract
Trachea
Main airway to the lungs and located just below the larynx
Bronchi
Branch from the trachea and create a network of passages that supplies lungs with air
Lungs
Provide oxygen capillaries and exhale carbon dioxide located in chest cavity
Diaphragm
Contracts and relaxes for the air flow. Located below the lungs
Difference b/w Right & Left Lung and Primary Bronchi
Right and Left Lung
The difference between the left and right lung is that the left is the smaller than the right because the left lung is below the heart. Also the right lung is divided into 3 lobes and the left is into 2.
Prinalry Brochi
The right primary bronchi is enters the right lung and the left primary bronchus divides into bronchi into the left lungs lobes
Breathing Mechanism(Physiology)
The Pulmonary Circulation is when the pulmonary arteries that deliver oxygenated blood in the lungs. The pulmonary artery branches along the bronchi and feed into pulmonary capillary networks.
The Bronchial Circulation is when Bronchial arteries provide oxygenated blood to the lung tissues. It enters the lungs at the hilum and run along the branching bronchi
The Innervation is when nerve fibers enter each lung through the pulmonary plexus on the lung root and run along bronchial tubes and blood vessels in the lungs
Expiration and Inspiration have a big part because expiration is when you exhale and inspiration is when you inhale.
Definitions of Lung Capacity Terminology
Tidal Volume
Is the amount of air that can be inspired forcibly beyond TV
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Can be expelled from lungs after normal TV expiration
Residual Volume
Helps to keep alveoli open and prevent lung collapse
Inspiratory Capacity
The sum of TV and IRV
Functional Residual Capacity
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after TV expiration
Vital Capacity
The sum of TV,IRV, and ERV
Total Lung Capacity
The sum of all the lungs volume
Internal & External Inspiration
Internal
The gas exchanges between the cell of the body and the blood
External
The gases exchange in the lungs when oxygen diffuses in to the blood
Disorders
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Mostly caused from having a smoking history. Coughing and frequent pulmonary infections are common . Itis best exemplified by emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Distinguished by permanent enlargement of alveoli, destruction of alveolar of the walls.Consequences are Accessory muscles must enlist to breathe because victims are exhausted
Chronic Bronchitis
Inhaled irritants lead to chronic production of excess mucus. Mucosae of lower respiratory passageways become inflames and fibrosed.
Asthma
Coughing, dyspnea, wheezing, and chest tightness.
Allergic Asthma
Active inflammation of airways. THen airway walls thickened with inflammatory
Tuberculosis
Infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis- which is spread by coughing and enters by inhaled air.
Lung Cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Originates in peripheral lung area as solitary nodules develop from bronchial glands and alveolar cells
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Arises in epithelium of bronchi or larger subdivisions and tends to form masses that may evitate and bleed
Small cell Carcinoma
Lymphocyte sized cells originate in main bronchi and grow aggressively in small clusters within mediastinum
Sleep Apnea
Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Caused by collapsed upper airway
Central Sleep Apnea
Caused by reduced drive from respiratory centers of the brain stem