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Transport Processes (Water Potential (Water movement # (Water moves…

- - - - Membranes allow all substances to diffuse
    - - Membranes allow nothing to diffuse
    - - Allows some things to pass, while restricting others
    - - Used to force molecules against its concentration gradient
      - Form of active transport
- - - - Opposite is Sinks that are the receiving areas
    - - P-protein plugs form when the mass of P-protein is too large
      - Found in all eudicots, most monocots, and not in conifers
  - - - Cohesive
        
        Molecules are strongly bound to each other
      - Adhesive
        
        Molecules interact with other substances
        
        Interacts strongly with the polymers of cell wall, tracheid, and
        vessel elements
      - Water is heavy
        
        Requires a lot of energy to get water to the top of a tree
    - - Cohesion-tension hypothesis
      - Transstomatal transpiration
        
        Water lost through stoma
      - Transcuticular transpiration
        
        Water lost directly through the cuticle
    - - Hydrogen bonds breaking causes water columns to break
      - Often means tracheids or vessels can never conduct water again
      - Eventually all vessels and tracheids cavitate
    - - Air bubble
      - Causes a block for transport
    - - Numerous mechanisms have evolved to control stomatal activity
      - Light controls guard cell water relations
      - Light also controls carbon dioxide intake
      - When leaves dehydrate, they release abscisic acid
        
        A hormone that causes stoma to close and conserve water
        
        Often occurs in the early afternoon on a warm, dry day