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structure of woody plants (secondary xylem (types of wood cells…
structure of woody plants
vascular cambium
fusiform intials
dicots
140 to 462 mm
conifers
700 to 8,700 mm
periclinal wall
bark and wood
wood inside, bark outside. always
longitudinal division
anticlinal walls
ray initials
short
cubodial
arrangement of cambial cells
fusiform
regular horizontal
storied cambium
irregular
non storied cambium
rays
short vertical rows
secondary xylem
types of wood cells
hardwood
soft wood
dependent on number of fibers
procumbent cells
no connection to axial
upright cells
connection to axial system
growth rings
early wood
high proportion of wide vessels
late wood
stronger
used for support
annual ring
heartwood and sapwood
heartwood
darker
sapwood
lighter, outer region
new layer formed each year
plug
tylosis
inhibit growth
bacteria
fungi
reaction wood
keeps tree branches from drooping
sturdy wood deposit
secondary phloem
axial
conduction up stem, root
sieve tubes
radial
outer bank
cork and the cork cambium
phellogen
cuboidal cells
outer cells turn into cork cells
periderm
mature cork cells
impermable
lenticels and oxygen diffusion
pros
water retention
cons
block absorption of water
initiation of cork cambia
variable
could form following year
could form 10 years later
epidermis can last
more than 40 years reported
secondary growth in roots
conifers and woody angiosperm
secondary growth
circular cambium
unequal growth stops
stem secondary growth
perennial roots for bark
carrots
eat the root
mostly wood parenchyma
peel layer of bark
anomalous forms of growth
anomalous secondary growth
unusual primary growth