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6.1-6.6 (6-2 (Bone Structure (I.Chemical composition bone. -Organic…
6.1-6.6
6-2
Bone Structure
*Bones are classified according to their shape A.- Long bones consist of a shaft with two ends Example: -Thigh Bone~Femur -Upper Arm bone~humerus
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C. Long Bones are thin and usually curved. Examples: -Most skull bones -Brest bone~sternum -Shoulder blades~scapulae -Ribs
D. Irregular bones are not long, short, or flat. Examples: -Vertebrae -Auditory ossicles
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G. Parts of a long bone. 1.Diaphysis=Shaft(Surrounded by a thick collar of compact bone) 2.Epiphyses=Expanded Ends(consists of spongy bone, surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone) 3.Epiphyseal Line=Remnant of epiphyseal disk/plate.(Cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis) 4.Periosteum=Outer, fibrous, protective covering of diaphysis(Supplied with blood, lymph vessels and nerves. Serves as intersection for tendons and ligaments). Nutrient Foramen=Perforating canal allowing blood vessels to enter and leave bone. 5.Endosteum=Inner lining of medullary cavity(contains layer of osteoblasts and osteoclasts) 6.Articular Cartilage=Pad of hyaline cartilage on the epiphysis where long bones articulate or join.**("shock absorber)
H.Flat Bone. -Looks like a sandwich -hematopoietic tissue is located in the spongy bone within the epiphyses of long bones and flat bones.
I.Chemical composition bone. -Organic components: Cells: Osteoprogenitor cells (derived from mesenchyme. Can undergo mitosis and become osteoblasts)
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Osteoclasts: Functions in bone resorption. Important in development, growth, and repair bone.
Osteoid: Primarily collagen which gives bone its strength. Also contains glycolipids and glycoproteins.
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J.Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone (solid,sense,smooth)
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6-1
Bone Function
Support: Bones, legs, and pelvis support trunk.
Protection Of Underlying Organs: The skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects the heart and lungs.
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Hematopoiesis: Definition= Blood cell formation. - All blood cells formed in the red marrow of certain bones.
Inorganic Salt Storage: Minerals- Calcium, Phosphorus, others. - Also a means of calcium homeostasis.
Energy Storage: -Yellow marrow in the shaft of long bones. - -Serve as an important chemical energy reserve.
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6-5
Osteopenia: Osteoporosis- Severe bone loss, affects normal function, and over age of 45 it normally occurs.
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6-6
Skeletal Organization:
Axial Skeleton: bones of the skull, Hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
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Hyoid Bone- Between lower jaw and larynx; held in place by muscles and ligaments, supports tongue.
Infantile Skull- Differs from the adult skull because of soft spots and molding of skull in birth canal, larger orbits, large forehead and small face.
4 Curvatures
Primary: exist at birth, concave anteriorly, thoracic curvature, pelvic curvature
Secondary: Develop during infancy, convex anteriorly cervical curvature lumbar curvature.
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