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Chapter 8 Nervous System (8.4-8.6 Kahoot (Synaptic knobs occur at the end…
Chapter 8 Nervous System
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8.2
General structure of Neuron 1. cell body (grey matter) 2. dendrites 3. axon (white matter) 4. synaptic terminal
Structural classification 1. Multipolar neuron (two or more dendrites and axons) 2. Unipolar neuron (one dendrite and axon cell body off to side 3. Bipolar neuron (one dendrite and one axon cell body between them
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8.1-8.3 Kahoot
- The Brain and Spinal cord comprise the Central Nervous System
- The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is Afferent Division
- Most neurons in the brain are Multipolar
- The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are the dendrites
- The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the CNS are astrocytes
- The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by Oligodendrocytes
- Small phagocytic cells that are especially obvious in damaged tissue in the CNS are the microglia
- Aggregations of ribosomes in neurons are referred to as Nissl bodies
- Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the soma between them are called Bipolar
- Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains why these neurons cannot regenrate
- The polarization of a nerve fiber refers to having the Potassium ions inside the cell and sodium outside the cell
- Saltatory conduction is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon.
- Opening of sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in depolarization
- When a neuron is at rest, which ion passes through its membrane most easily? Potassium
- The all-or-none principle states that All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.
8.5
Meninges Pia Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Dura mater
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CSF circulates down into 3rd and 4th ventricle. Central canal of spinal cord. Subarachnoid space of meninges. Total volume 150 mL. Circulates every 3-4 hours.
8.6
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Cross sectional Anatomy of spinal cord Gray matter (bundle of interneuron cell bodies). White matter (myelinated interneuron axons)
8.4-8.6 Kahoot
- Synaptic knobs occur at the end of axons
- Neurotransmitters are released from the synaptic terminals/ knobs
- What type of synapse dominates the nervous system? chemical
- The ion needed to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is calcium
- Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine
- Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct order? receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector
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- The specialized membranes that protect the spinal cord are termed spinal meninges
- Blood vessels servicing the spinal cord are found in the Pia mater
- The dural sinuses are located in the dura mater
- What contains a delicate network of collagen and elastin fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates? subarachnoid space
- Diffusion across the arachnoid villi returns excess CSF to venous circulation
- The projections of gray matter towards the outer surface of the spinal cord are called horns
- Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear white
- Axons crossing from one side of the spinal cord to the other within the gray matter are found in the gray commissures
- The white matter of the spinal cord contains bundles of axons that share common origins, destinations and functions
- Enlargment of the spinal cord occur in segments of the spinal cord that control the limbs
- The entire spine contains 31 segments
- The horns of the spinal cord contain nerve cell bodies**
- The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain sensory nuclei
- Gray matter is the spinal is mostly interneurons
- If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, incoming sensory information would be disrupted