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Respiratory System Elina Shibata P1 (Disorders of the Respiratory System…
Respiratory System Elina Shibata P1
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Internal respiration exchanges gases between the bloodstream and body tissues
Air vibrating the vocal chords creates sound
External respiration exchanges gases between the lungs and the bloodstream
Aids in breathing ( pulmonary ventilation )
Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract
Upper Respiratory Tract
Pharynx
Larynx
Nasal Cavity
Lower Respiratory Tract
Primary Bronchi
Lungs
Trachea
Organs of the Respiratory System and Location
Upper Respiratory Tract
Mouth
Throat
Nasal Cavity
Voice Box
Nose / Nostrils
Lined with a mucous membrane that secretes mucus
Lower Respiratory Tract
Bronchi
Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
Bronchioles
Trachea
Alveoli
Gas exchange occurs on the surface of each alveolus by a network of capillaries
Diferences Between the Right and Left Lung
Right Lung
consists of two bronchi
heavier
consists of three lobes
shorter and wider
provides space for the liver
Left Lung
consists of a single bronchus
lighter
consists of two lobes
longer and narrower
provides space for the heart
Differences Between the Right and Left Primary Bronchi
Right Bronchi
shorter and more vertical than the left
divides into smaller bronchi to enter the three lobes of the right lung
fluids that are aspirated are more likely to go into the right lung due to the angle
Left Bronchi
smaller and longer than the right main bronchus
divides into two lobar bronchi which enter the two lobes of the left lung
Breathing Mechanism
Inhalation
The diaphragm contracts and pulls downward while the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward, and increases the size of the thoracic cavity and decreases the pressure inside so air rushes in and fills the lungs.
Exhalation
The diaphragm relaxes, and the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, while the pressure within it increases the lungs contract and air is forced out
Definitions of Lung Capacity Terminology
functional residual (FRC)
vital (VC
inspiratory (IC)
total lung capacities (TLC)
Internal and External Respiration
Internal Respiration
Metabolizing Tissues
Oxygen diffuses out of the blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cells
External Respiration
Lungs
Oxygen diffuses into the blood
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveolar air
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe
Chronic Bronchitis
inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs
Emphysema
caused by damage to the alveoli
damage to the alveoli results in air becoming trapped, causing them to expand and rupture
Asthma
airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe
Pneumonia
infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs