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ECOLOGY OF PEERS (Chronosystems (Parten (solitary-alone/independent,…
ECOLOGY OF PEERS
Peers as
Socializing
Agent
about the same age
the same gender
same social status
shared interests
Peers
and
Development
belonging
needs/
socialization
(sense of self/
personal identity)
infant/toddler
smile/touch
reciprocal
1st in family
attachments shit to peer awareness
early childhood
pay in groups
adult provided
aluthoritative parents-
comeptence/confidence
middle childhood
greater independence
self confirmation
increase opportunites to socialize
adolesence
peer groups
escalate
parents-future /moral issues
peers-present/appearance
clique
dominant leader
exlcusive
nature
mutually connected
crowd
loosely organized
BFF
Macrosystems
get along with others
give
take
morals/values
follow rules
form basic morals with peers
morality of constraing (heteornomous)
morality cooperation (atunomous morality)
sociocultural roles
try out roles from home
gender roles
sexuality
sexual behaviors
personal independence
social supports
tangible
intellectual
social
emotional
Chronosystems
signif. of play
Parten
solitary-alone/independent
onlooker- watches
parallel - plays along side not with
associative - social/communic.
-no organization
cooperative -
social in a grp.
Sutton-Smith
imiative
exploratory
testing
model-building
other
rough housing
pretend
age groups
infant/toddler -
2 mos
early childhood - 3-4 yrs. - in groups
middle childhood
informal grps.
games reflect culture/gender specific
games chg w/ influences
cognitive
psychological
socio
adolescence
same sex peers
attract opposite sex
Parent
vs Peer
Parenting style
linked
to peer
interactions
authoritative
no need to rebel
authoritarian
alienate from parents -
attracteed to peers
understanding
respect
at rsik for negative peers
permissive
drawn to antisocial
Cognitive
Development
social cognition
conceptions - self/others
reasoning-self/others
group rules
relations btwn people
developmental levels
peroperational
not aware-peer pressue.consequences
concrete operational
cognitive deceit
formal operational
imaginary audience
don't want to stand out
indentiy vs role confusion (Erickson)
peer group mech
reinforcement
modeling
model
observer
punishment
apprenticeship
Peer Group
Interaction
development of freinship (Selman & Selman)
momentary playmateship early childhood)
one-way assistance (early to middle)
two-way/ fair weather (middle)
intimate/mutually shared realtionships (middle to adolescence)
autonomous interdependent (adolscence to adult)
acceptance/neglect/rejection
willingness to cooperate
accept or reject by characteristics
peer sociotherapy
sociometry-patterns fo acceptance/neglect/rejection
sociotherapy
intervention with making/lkeeping friends
dynamics
inclusioin/exclusion
bullllies/victims
have different characteristics
bullies=agressive
cyberbully
online
gangs
antisocial
common purpose
lack of support of families
give companioship/guidance/excitement/idenitiy
prosocial - peers support each other
peer collaboration
tutor
counseling
**Psychological
Development (Emotions)
poor peers relations
linked to neurotic/psychotic
later on
Social
Development
competence=undersand other's feelings/intentions
affected by
age
stage of cognitive dev.
situation
personal values
psychological factors
Mesosystem
adult
structured
adult
mediated
competitive
cooperative
Sherif (1961)
stratify
dominate roles
submissive roles
norms
compteition btwn grps.
intergroup hostility
adult
leadership
style
authoritarian
aggressive
submissive
dicontented
competitive
democratic
high morale
cooperative
selfsupporting/cohesive
laissez-faire
disorganized
frustrated
fragmented
nonsupporting
adult leaders influence type of grp
team sports
learn about self
adults mediate
competitive/cooperative
L09 - ECOLOGY OF PEERS - dwinstead