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Genetics (mutations (Causes of Mutations (mutagen, chemicals, UV light, x…
Genetics
mutations
any change
large
small
point mutation
base converted
deletion
DNA lost
insertion
extra DNA
inversion
DNA breaks
repaired backwards
Causes of Mutations
mutagen
chemicals
UV light
x-rays
radiation
insertion sequences
transposon
Effects of Mutations
nature
position
extent
Somatic Mutations
:red_cross:involved sexual reproduction
DNA repair processes
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Monohybrid Crosses
cross
sexual reproduction
Monohybrid Crosses with incomplete dominance
monohybrid cross
single character
analyzed
studied
parental generation
first filial generation
F2 generation
Homozygous
parents
two identical alleles
heterozygous
two different alleles
incomplete dominance
Crossing heterozygotes with themselves
selfing
fertilize own eggs
#
punnett square
arrangement
Monohybrid Crosses with Complete Dominance
recessive
dominant
Test crosses
complete dominance
pure-bred lines
multiple alleles
Dihybrid Crosses
Genes on Separate Chromosomes
independent assortment
Crossing-over
genes on same chromosome
linked
two genes
recombinant chromosomes
parental type chromosomes
centimorgan
Other aspects of inheritance
maternal inheritance
biparental inheritance
uniparental inheritance
pollen parent
ovule parent
variegation
lethal alleles
Multiple sets of chromosomes and gene families
#
polyploid
nondisjunction
paralogs
gene family
Replication of DNA
Chromatin less compact
entry of replicating factors
double helix cut
strand separate
small bubble
replicon
primer RNA
10 nucleotides long
DNA polymerase
semiconservative replication
one new nucleotide
one old nucleotide
chromosome
single DNA double helix
replication initiated
replication fork
ligated
